Page 240 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV (iii) mlosQ ?kj tkuk vkSj mls vius ?kj vkefU=kr djukA
(iv) ;g è;ku j[kuk fd vijkèkh ckyd vnkyr esa nkf[ky fd, ckSaM (Bond) dh 'krks± osQ vuqlkj py jgk
gS vFkok ughaA

(v) vnkyr dks vijkèkh ckyd osQ lacUèk esa lwpuk nsrs jgukA
(vi) ckyd dks O;olk; fnykukA
(vii) mldh mfpr f'k{kk dk izcUèk djukA
(viii) ;g ns[kuk fd 'kSf{kd O;kolkf;d :i ls leaftr gS vFkok ughaA ifjoh{kk fofèk dkiQh gn rd liQy
fl¼ gqbZ gSA vesfjdk esa tkWu vkWxLVl us 352 ckydksa dk lqèkkj blh fofèk }kjk fd;kA Hkkjr esa 1938
esa izFke vijkèkh ifjoh{kk vfèkfu;e (First Offeneder Probation Act) ikl gqvkA blosQ vuqlkj cM+s
'kgjksa esa ifjoh{kk vfèkdkjh fu;qDr fd, x;s pw¡fd og fofèk vijkèkh dks lqèkjus osQ fy, volj iznku
djrh gS] vr% vPNh gSA
5- lqèkkj LowQyµlqèkkj LowQyksa esa vijkèkh ckydksa dks j[kk tkrk gSA lqèkkj LowQy dk; mís'; VIiu (Tappan)
osQ vuqlkj bl izdkj gSµ ¶bl O;oLFkk dk y{; pfj=k vkSj uSfrd] ekufld] 'kkjhfjd rFkk O;olk; lacUèkh
{kerkvksa dk fo'ks"k :i ls mÙkjnkf;Ro rFkk vkRe&fo'ys"k.k osQ fodkl ij tksj nsrs gq, izxfr osQ lkFk c<+rs gq,
fo'okl osQ }kjk lok±xh.k fodkl djuk gSA¸
Hkkjr esa 1897 esa lqèkkj LowQy vfèkfu;e (Reformatory School Act) ikl fd;k x;kA bl le; oqQN izeq[k lqèkkj
LowQy bl izdkj gSaµ
(v) y[kumQ lqèkkj LowQy] (vk) fglkj lqèkkj LowQy]
(b) gtkjhckx lqèkkj LowQy] (bZ) tcyiqj lqèkkj LowQyA

6- cUnhx`gµ cky&vijkfèk;ksa dks izkS<+ O;fDr;ksa osQ lkFk cUnhx`g esa j[kuk euksoSKkfud vkSj lkekftd nksuksa n`f"V
ls vuqfpr gSA vr% vijkèkh ckydksa osQ lqèkkj osQ fy, cky&cUnhx`g dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA cUnhx`g esa ckyd
dks rHkh Hkstuk pkfg, tcfd og ckj&ckj Hk;adj vijkèk djus dk vknh gks tkrk gS D;ksafd cUnhx`g esa tkdj
ckyd esa ghu Hkkouk vk ldrh gSA vr% loZizFke ckyd dk lqèkkj okrkoj.kkRed vkSj euksoSKkfud vFkok
euksfo'ys"k.koknh fofèk;ksa }kjk djuk pkfg, ;fn og ugha lqèkjrk rks mls ifjoh{kk esa j[kuk pkfg,A rc Hkh ;fn
lqèkkj ugha vkrk gS rc lqèkkj LowQy esa Hkstuk pkfg,A vUr esa cUnhx`g dh 'kj.k ysuh pkfg,A Hkkjr esa cky&cUnhx`g
mÙkj izns'k esa cjsyh] mM+hlk esa vaxqy] fcgkj esa iVuk esa gSaA
buosQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; mipkj fofèk;k¡ Hkh gSa tks bl izdkj gSaµ

1- dkjkokl (Confinement)µ cky vijkèk dk ijEijkxr mipkj gSµ dkjkoklA blesa osQoy ,d gh ykHk
gksrk gS og ;g fd tSls&tSls cUnh dh vk;q esa o`f¼ gksrh tkrh gS oSls&oSls dkjkokl esa jgs ckyd osQ O;ogkj
esa ifjorZu gskrk tkrk gSA ifj.kker% dkjkokl ls eqDr gksus osQ i'pkr~ mudh vijkèkh izo`fÙk fucZy gks tkrh gSA
(Glueck and Glueck) us vius vè;;uksa ls fl¼ fd;k gS fd] ¶vusd cky&vijkèkh 40 o"kZ dh vk;q izkIr djus
ij vijkèkh ugha jg tkrs gSaA¸ (Medinnus and Johnson) us fy[kk gSµ ¶vijkèk dk lacUèk ;qod ls gSSA vr%
vfèkdka'k fd'kksj&vijkèkh] vijkèkh o;Ld ugha curs gSaA¸

2- fd'kksj U;k;ky; (Juvenile Courts)µ tc dksbZ ckyd ;k fd'kksj vijkèk djrk gS rc mls lkèkkj.k
U;k;ky; esa u ys tk,k tkdj] fd'kksj U;k;ky; esa ys tk,k tkrk gSA U;k;ky; dk okrkoj.k lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ gksrk
gSA U;k;kèkh'k bl ckr ij fopkj djrk gS fd ckyd dk lqèkkj fdl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA og nks izdkj
dh vKk,¡ nsrk gSA muosQ vuqlkj vijkèkh dks ;k rks ^ifjoh{kk&vfèkdkjh* (Probation officer) osQ ikl ;k
lqèkkj&x`g esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA bl le; Hkkjr esa vusd jkT;ksa esa fd'kksj U;k;ky; gSa] tSlsµ fnYyh] caxky]
eqacbZ] psUubZ vkfnA

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