Page 83 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—10% ok.kh ,oa Jo.k ckfèkr% ifjHkk"kk] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

jgrh gSA dHkh&dHkh gdykuk ifjokj esa gksrk gSA ,d ifjokj esa gdykus osQ nks dkj.k gks ldrs gSaµ(v) oz'kkuqozQe uksV
rFkk (c) okrkoj.kA ;fn ?kj esa cM+s O;fDr gdykrs gSa rks cPps Hkh gdykuk 'kq: dj nsrs gSaA
igys ;g le>k tkrk Fkk fd ,d ck;sa gkFk okys dks ;fn nk;sa gkFk okyk cukus dk iz;Ru fd;k tk,¡ rks og gdykuk
'kq: dj nsrk gSA okLro esa ,slk ugha gSA ;g gks ldrk gS fd ekrk&firk rFkk vè;kid bl lacUèk esa mls bruk
ijs'kku djsa ftlls og gdykuk 'kq: dj nsA vr% mUgsa Lusg }kjk nk;sa gkFk ls dk;Z djus dh f'k{kk nsuh pkfg,A
;fn rc Hkh ckyd ck;s gkFk ij gh cy nsrs gSa rks mUgsa oSlk gh jgus nsuk pkfg,A vuqlUèkkuksa ls gdykus dk dksbZ
vaxh; (Organic) dkj.k ugha irk pyrk gSA vr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ekrk&firk dk O;ogkj bldk cgqr
cM+k dkj.k gSA

(3) vkokt dh leL;k (Voice problem)
vkokt dh leL;k Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k gS D;ksafd lkekU;r% bls nks"k ugha ekuk tkrk] tcfd dfVZl us bl ij
,d foLr`r vè;;u fd;k gSA dfVZl (Curtis) osQ vuqlkjµ ‘‘Estimates vary but probably from 1 to 2
percent of school children present significant voice problem.’’
euq"; dh vkokt dk Loj Lrj] mPprk] rFkk xq.k }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA bUgha ls lacfUèkr vkokt osQ nks"k gSa]
tks bl izdkj gSaµ

(v) Loj osQ nks"kµ cgqr mQ¡pk cksyuk ;k cgqr èkhjs cksyuk ;k ,d Loj esa cksyukA ,d izko`Qfrd Loj Lrj gksrk
gSA ;fn dksbZ O;fDr bl Lrj ls cgqr vfèkd mQ¡pk ;k uhpk cksyrk gS rks mldk Loj nks"kiw.kZ gksrk gSA
(c) ,d vkoktµ tks cgqr mQ¡ph vFkok èkheh gS ;k fcuk mrkj&p<+ko okyh gS] ;g Hkh nks"kiw.kZ ekuh tk,¡xhA
;s izo`fÙk;k¡ mu ckydksa esa gksrh gSa tks 'kehZys izo`Qfr osQ gksrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh ckyd nwljksa dks vkdf"kZr djus
osQ fy, Hkh ,slk djrs gSaA bldk dkj.k Loj ;U=k esa yEcs le; ls lwtu (Chronic Laryngitis) Hkh gks
ldrk gSA
(l) xq.k lacUèkh nks"k eq[;r%µ(i) ukd ls cksyuk] (ii) lk¡l ys&ys dj cksyuk] (iii) vkokt esa Hkkjhiu] (iv)
vkokt esa dlhykiuA ukd ls cksyus dk dkj.k de eq¡g [kksyuk rFkk gksBksa dks de pykuk gSA lk¡l
ys&ysdj cksyus dk dkj.k Loj rU=kksa (Vocal Cords) esa vfèkd gok dk vkuk&tkuk gSA ;g Hk; vFkok
vU; xyr vknrksa osQ dkj.k gskrk gSA Hkkjhiu dk dkj.k Loj ;U=k rFkk Loj rU=k esa lwtu gSA ;g tqdke
;k Loj ;U=k esa lwtu osQ dkj.k gks ldrk gSA Loj esa dlhysiu dk dkj.k cksyus esa vfèkd tksj nsuk gSA
vè;kid dks fd'kksjkoLFkk esa gksus okys vkokt osQ ifjorZu ls ifjfpr gksuk pkfg, rkfd og bl ifjorZu
dks vkokt osQ fofHkUu xq.k lacUèkh nks"k u le> ysA mls xEHkhj xq.k lacUèkh nks"kksa osQ fy, ckyd dks MkDVj
dks fn[kkuk pkfg,A mlosQ dku] ukd rFkk xys dk bykt djuk pkfg,A

(4) vaxh; cksyus osQ nks"k (Organic Speech Impaired)
lu~ 1800 esa 1 ckyd izk;% gsjfyi (Harelip) ;k rkyq IysV (Cleft Plate) }kjk ihfM+r gksrk gSA rkyq IysV esa
ok;q eq¡g rFkk ukd osQ Nsn ls fcuk #dkoV osQ vkrh&tkrh gSA vr% ckyd ukd ls cksyus yxrk gSA izk;% ,slh
fLFkfr esa i] c] V] M] d] t og ukd ls cksyrs gSaA vU; 'kCn Hkh ukd ls cksy ldrk gSA gSjfyi dks tUe osQ
ckn 'kY; fpfdRlk }kjk Bhd fd;k tk ldrk gSA dBksj vFkok eqyk;e rkyq dks Hkh 'kY; fpfdRlk }kjk Bhd fd;k
tk ldrk gSA vxj bl izdkj Bhd ugha gksrk rks vkScV~;wjsVlZ dk] tksfd o`Qf=ke IysV esa feyrs gSa] dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ijUrq u rks 'kY; fpfdRlk vkSj u gh vkScV~jsVlZ cksyus osQ nks"k dks iw.kZr% nwj dj ldrk gSA fiQj Hkh vaxh;
nks"kksa dks nwj djus dk iz;Ru vo'; djuk pkfg,A muosQ lkekftd lek;tkstu dh vksj Hkh è;ku nsuk pkfg,A
ekufld i{kk?kkr dks oqQN yksx laozQked ydok ekurs gSaA ;g vusd izdkj osQ gksrs gSa] ftuesa ls fuEufyf[kr izeq[k
gSaµ(i) laozQked (Spastic)] (ii) 'kkjhfjd (Athetotic)] (iii) xfr foHkze (Ataxic) A izk;% 75 izfr'kr efLr"dh;

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