Page 253 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k

uksV izLrkouk (Introduction)

fookg vkSj ifjokj ,d gh lkekftd ;FkkFkZ osQ nks i{k gSaA ;g lkekftd ;FkkFkZ gSµeuq"; dh 'kkjhfjd&ekufld
vkSj lkekftd vko';drk,¡A fookg vkSj ifjokj dk fodkl lkFk&lkFk gqvk gSA ;s nksuksa laLÑfr osQ Hkh
leo;Ld gSa D;ksafd fcuk ifjokj osQ u`oa'k vkSj laLÑfr dks lqjf{kr ugha j[kk tk ldrk vkSj fcuk fookg osQ
ifjokj dh jpuk laHko ugha gks ldrhA

,sfrgkfld lkexzh dh lkFkZdrk ;g tkuus esa gS fd D;ksa fdlh lekt esa ,d fo'ks"k izdkj osQ fookg rFkk ifjokj
dk fodkl gqvk gS] u fd ;g tkuus esa fd fdlh lajpuk dk fodkl Lo;a esa fdl izdkj gqvk gSA
Hkkjr osQ vyx izkarksa ;k {ks=kksa esa fookg rFkk ifjokj osQ dk;Z rFkk fu;eksa esa fHkUurk,sa ikbZ tkrh gSA gkykafd izk;%
lHkh {ks=kksa esa ifjokj vkSj fookg osQ mís'; ,d gh gksrs gSaA fookg vuqLFkkiu ifjokj vkSj iztuu ifjokj osQ chp
dh dM+h gSA nks ,dkdh ifjokjkssa esa O;fDrxr lnL;rk dk ;g lR; gh ukrsnkjh izFkk dks tUe nsrk gSA ukrsnkjh
dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSa% ¶ifjokj ls lEc¼ vk/kj ij lkekftd lEcUèk¸ (fFk;ksMksjlu %
1969 % 221)A og lEcUèk tks ;k rks lejDrewyd (Consanguinal) ;k nEifÙkLotu (Affinal) vk/kfjr
gksa] O;fDr;ksa osQ vf/dkj o dÙkZO;ksa dk fu/kZj.k djrs gSaA vr% ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk dk vFkZ gS% ¶izfLFkfr;ksa vkSj
Hkwfedkvksa vkSj lEcUèkksa dh ,d ,slh lapfjr O;oLFkk ftlesa ukrsnkj (izkFkfed] }Sfr;d] r`rh;d o nwjLFk)
tfVy Ük`a[kykc¼ cUèkuksa }kjk ijLij ca/s jgrs gSaA¸ ukrsnkjksa osQ chp lEcU/ksa dks crkus okyk ikjLifjd O;ogkj
,sls 'kCnksa ls lafKIr gksrk gS ftuosQ }kjk izR;sd ukrsnkj ,d nwljs dks lEcksfU/r djrk gS] vFkkZr~ O;fDrxr uke
ls ;k ukrsnkjh dh 'kCnkoyh ls (firkth] nknkth] cfgu th) ;k O;fDr o ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh osQ lfEefyr uke
ls (jke osQ firk] jhrk dh ek¡] vkfn)A ukrsnkjh 'kCn (lEcks/u o lUnHkZ osQ) tks ;k rks izkjfEHkd (ftUgsa fdUgha
vU; 'kCn esa de ugha fd;k tk ldrk] tSls] ekrk] firk] dkdk] pkpk] HkkbZ] cgu] vkfn) ;k ;kSfxd (tks
izkjfEHkd 'kCn osQ ;ksx ls cuk gks] tSls cguksbZ] ekSlk vkfn) ;k o.kZukRed (tks nks ;k vf/d izkjfEHkd 'kCnksa
osQ esy ls cuk gks] tSls cguksbZ] ekSlk] vkfn) ;k o.kZukRed (tks nks ;k vf/d izkjfEHkd 'kCnksa osQ esy ls cuk
gks] tSls ekSlsjh cgu] iqQiQsjk HkkbZ] vkfn)A vkSj ftUgsa ,dkdh (Isolative) dg dj foHksfnr fd;k tkrk gS (,d
gh ukrsnkj ij ykxw gksrk gS tks fd ih<+h] fyax vkSj oa'k&lEcU/ksa ls tkus tkrs gksa] tSls HkkbZ] cfgu] ifr] iRuh]
vkfn) ;k oxkZRed (Classification) 'kCn nks ;k vf/d ukrsnkjh Js.kh osQ yksxksa ij ykxw tSls ^lEHkzkrk*
(Cousin) firk osQ Hkkb;ksa osQ iq=kksa vkSj ekrk dh cfgu osQ iq=kksa] nksuksa osQ fy, iz;qDrA D;ksafd oxkZRed 'kCn
,d ;k vf/d ewy vk/kj dh vogsyuk djrs gSa (tSls fyax] vk;q] ih<+h] nkEiR; ewyd fudVrk] lg lEc¼rk]
foHkktu] vkfn)] blfy, ukrsnkjksa osQ Jsf.k;ksa dh la[;k gtkjksa ls oqQN fxuh pquh la[;k rd gh lhfer dj nsrs
gSaA
fgUnqvkssa osQ lkekftd lekjksgksa] laLdkjksa vkSj nSfud thou esa ifjokj osQ ckn ukrsnkjh lewg gh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA thou osQ ladVdky esa gh yksx osQoy ukrsnkjksa dh vksj ugha ns[krs gSa] cfYd vU; fu;fer voljksa
ij Hkh mudh lgk;rk ysrs gSaA ifjokj osQ ckn egÙoiw.kZ ukrsnkj lewg gSa% oa'k vkSj xks=kA oa'k ,d jDrewyd ,d
i{kh; oa'kkuqØe lewg (Consanguineous unilateral descent group) gS ftlosQ lnL; vius dks ,d
Kkr rFkk okLrfod lkekU; iwoZt ls lEc¼ ekurs gSaA ;g oa'kkuqØe lewg fir`oa'kh; ;k ekr`oa'kh; gks ldrk
gSA ;g ,d cfgfoZokgh (Exogamous) bdkbZ gksrh gSA oa'k osQ lnL; vkil esa HkkbZ cfgu ekus tkrs gSaA oa'k
cU/u oqQN ihf<+;ksa rd gh jgrs gSaA ,d oa'k ifjokjksa osQ chp izeq[k dM+h lkaLdkfjd mRloksa (tSls] tUe] eR;q]
vkfn) esa lkekU; Hkkxhnkjh gksrh gSA oa'k] xks=k esa pyk tkrk gS (Passes into) tks fd ;|fi ,d i{kh; lewg
gS ysfdu oa'k ls cM+k gksrk gSA ;g ,d cfgZfookgh lewg gksrk gSA ekr`oa'kh; ukrsnkj O;fDr osQ thou mrus gh
egÙo osQ gksrs gSa ftrus fd fir`oa'kh; ukrsnkjA

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