Page 110 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV ls vuqlaèkku lacaèkh vk¡dM+s nks izdkj ls ,df=kr fd, tk ldrs gSaµ(1) lax.kuk fofèk }kjk] rFkk (2) fun'kZu
fofèk }kjkA
(1) lax.kuk fofèk (Census Method) esa vuqlaèkkudrkZ lexz (Universe) vFkkZr~ laiw.kZ {ks=k dk
vè;;u djrk gSA og ml {ks=k dh izR;sd bdkbZ vFkok izR;sd lnL; ls laioZQ LFkkfir dj tkudkjh
izkIr djrk gSA gekjs ns'k esa izfr nl o"kZ ckn dh tkus okyh tux.kuk esa blh fofèk dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA

(2) fun'kZu fofèk (Sampling Method) esa lexz esa ls oqQN bdkb;ksa dks izfrfufèk osQ :i esa pqu fy;k
tkrk gS vkSj muosQ laacaèk esa vko';d tkudkjh izkIr dh tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn ge fnYyh
fo'ofo|ky; osQ Nk=kksa osQ d'ehj leL;k ij fopkj tkuuk pkgrs gSa rks lax.kuk fofèk esa gesa fnYyh
fo'ofo|ky; osQ lHkh Nk=kksa ls laioZQ LFkkfir dj lwpuk,¡ ladfyr djuh gksaxh] tcfd fun'kZu i¼fr
esa oqQN Nk=kksa dks izfrfufèk osQ :i esa pqudj mUgha dk vè;;u fd;k tk;sxkA fun'kZu i¼fr dk mYys[k
djus ls iwoZ ;gk¡ lax.kuk i¼fr ij fopkj dj ysuk mi;qDr jgsxkA
LVhiQu dk er gS fd fu;fer tux.kukvksa dk vk;kstu djus ls iwoZ lnSo gh fun'kZu dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
jgk gSA lu~ 1900 ls iwoZ lkekftd vuqlaèkku esa fun'kZu dk iz;ksx cgqr gh de gqvk gSA ckmys us yanu esa
loZizFke ?kjksa dk vè;;u djus osQ fy, nSo fun'kZu i¼fr dk iz;ksx fd;k FkkA vkt rks vuqlaèkku ,oa losZ{k.k
esa fun'kZu dk iz;ksx ,d vko';d pj.k cu x;k gSA

fun'kZu dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa vFkZ (Definition and Meaning of Sampling)

fofHkUu fo}kuksa us fun'kZu dks bl izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSµ
(1) xqMs rFkk gkV osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d fun'kZu tSlk fd blosQ uke ls gh Li"V gksrk gS] fd ,d foLr`r lewg
dk ,d y?kqÙkj izfrfufèk gSA¸

(2) ih- oh- ;ax osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d lkaf[;dh; fun'kZu laiw.kZ lewg vFkok ;ksx dk ,d y?kqÑr vkdkj dk
fp=k gS ftlls fd fun'kZu fy;k x;k gSA¸

,d Js"B fun'kZu dh vko';d fo'ks"krk,¡
(Essential Characteristics of a Representative Sample)

fun'kZu }kjk lkekftd ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa gekjs fu"d"kZ fdrus ;FkkFkZ ,oa oSKkfud gksaxs] ;g ckr fuHkZj djrh
gSµgekjs fun'kZu dh mÙkerk ,oa lexz dh izfrfufèkRoiw.kZrk ijA vr% vè;;u dh liQyrk osQ fy, ;g
vko';d gS fd gekjs fun'kZu esa fuEukafdr fo'ks"krkvksa dk lekos'k gksA
(1) lexz dk izfrfufèkRo (Representation of Universe)µ,d Js"B fun'kZu dh loZizFke fo'ks"krk ;g
gS fd og lexz dk izfrfufèkRo djsA ,slk rHkh laHko gks ldrk gS] tc lexz dh izR;sd bdkbZ dks fun'kZu esa
lfEefyr gksus dk leku volj izkIr gksA yq.McxZ dk er gS fd izfrfufèkRoiw.kZ fun'kZu nks ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSµ(i) vè;;u rF;ksa esa fdruh ek=kk esa lekurk ik;h tkrh gS rFkk (ii) fun'kZu osQ pquko esa fdl iz.kkyh dks
viuk;k x;k gSA

uksV~l Js"B fun'kZu izkIr djus osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd lexz dh bdkb;ksa esa ,d:irk yk;h tk, rFkk
fun'kZu dk pquko bl izdkj fd;k tk, fd izR;sd bdkbZ dks fun'kZu esa pqus tkus dh Lora=krk ,oa leku
volj izkIr gksA

(2) i;kZIr vkdkj (Adequate Size)µJs"B fun'kZu osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd fun'kZu dh bdkb;ksa dh

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