Page 114 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV xqMs ,oa gkV osQ vuqlkj] ¶nSo fun'kZu esa lexz dh bdkb;ksa dks bl izdkj Øec¼ fd;k tkrk gS fd p;u
izfØ;k ml lexz dh izR;sd bdkbZ dks pquko dh leku laHkkouk iznku djrh gSA¸
;wy rFkk osQ.My osQ vuqlkj] ¶tc lexz dh izR;sd bdkbZ dks fun'kZu esa lfEefyr gksus osQ leku volj gksa
rc lexz ls bdkbZ dk p;u nSo fun'kZu gSA¸
iSazQd;sVl osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶nSo fun'kZu ogh gksxk ftlesa lexz dh izR;sd bdkbZ dks fun'kZu esa lfEefyr gksus dk
leku volj gksA¸
mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd nSo fun'kZu vlkoèkkuhiw.kZ] vO;ofLFkr rFkk ykijokghiw.kZ ,oa vkdfLed
ugha gksrkA
nSo fun'kZu pquus dh iz.kkfy;k (Methods of selecting Random Sample)µnSo fun'kZu esa fun'kZu pquus
osQ dbZ rjhosQ gks ldrs gSa] muesa ls izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSaµ

(d) ykWVjh iz.kkyh (Lottery Method)µbl iz.kkyh osQ varxZr ogh rjhdk viuk;k tkrk gS tks fd vU;
izdkj osQ ykWVjh fudkyus esa iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA lexz dh leLr bdkb;ksa osQ uke vFkok uacj dkxt dh
fpVksa (chits) ;k NksVs pkSdksj dkMk±s ij fy[k fy, tkrs gSa vkSj fiQj mUgsa fdlh crZu] cDl ;k >ksys esa Mkydj
vPNh rjg ls fgyk fn;k tkrk gS rkfd os [kwc vO;ofLFkr gks tk,¡A fiQj vk¡[k can djosQ mrus dkMZ ;k fpV
fudky fy, tkrs gSa ftruh bdkb;k¡ fun'kZu esa ysuh gSaA tks Hkh bdkb;k¡ bl izdkj nSo;ksx ls pquko esa vk tkrs
gSa] mudk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
([k) dkMZ vFkok fVdV iz.kkyh (Card of Ticket Method)µbl iz.kkyh esa lcls igys ,d gh vkdkj
jax o eksVkbZ osQ dkMks± vFkok fVdVksa ij lexz (universe) dh leLr bdkb;ksa osQ uke vFkok uacj vFkok vU;
dksbZ izrhd vafdr dj fn, tkrs gSa vkSj lcdks feykdj ,d xksy Mªe esa Hkj fn;k tkrk gSA Mªe dks ipkl ckj
cgqr rsth ls ?kqekdj lHkh dkM+ks± dks [kwc fgyk&feyk fy;k tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ ,d dkMZ vuk;kl gh fudky
fy;k tkrk gSA fiQj Mªe dks ipkl ckj fgyk;k tkrk gS vkSj fiQj nwljk dkMZ mBk fy;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj dh
fØ;k mruh ckj dh tkrh gS ftrus fun'kZuksa dk pquko djuk gSA tks dkMZ bl izdkj pquko esa vk tkrs gSa mUgha
ls lacafèkr bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA ykWVjh iz.kkyh rFkk dkMZ iz.kkyh esa ;gh varj gS fd ykWVjh
iz.kkyh esa Lo;a vuqlaèkkudrkZ vk¡[kksa dks can djosQ dkMZ fudkyrk gS] ysfdu dkMZ iz.kkyh esa dksbZ vU; O;fDr
Hkh vk¡[ksa [kqyh j[kdj dkMZ fudky ldrk gSA
(x) fu;fer vadu iz.kkyh (Regular Marking Method)µtc lexz (universe) dh lHkh bdkb;k¡
fdlh fo'ks"k <ax] dky] LFkku] vkfn osQ vkèkkj ij O;ofLFkr gksrh gSa rks fu;fer vadu iz.kkyh osQ }kjk fun'kZuksa
dk pquko ljyrk ls gks ldrk gSA bl iz.kkyh esa loZizFke lexz dh lHkh bdkb;ksa dks Øela[;k Mkyrs gq, ,d
lwph cuk yh tkrh gSA blosQ ckn ;g fuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS fd mu bdkb;ksa esa ls gesa fdruh bdkb;ksa dks
fun'kZu osQ :i esa pquuk gS fiQj lwph dks lkeus j[kdj fdlh Hkh ,d la[;k ls vkjaHk djosQ izR;sd ik¡pok¡ ;k
izR;sd nlok¡ vFkok dksbZ Hkh izR;sd vad osQ vuqlkj fu;fer :i ls vxyh la[;k,¡ pquh tkrh gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
;fn gesa 100 fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ ,d lexz esa ls 10 fo|kFkhZ pquus gSa rks igys gesa mu 100 fo|k£Fk;ksa dh ,d lwph
cukuh gksxhA rRi'pkr~ pw¡fd gesa 10 fo|kFkhZ pquus gSa vr% gj nlok¡ fo|kFkhZ gekjs pquko esa vkrk tk,xkA ;g
pquko ge fdlh Hkh lwph esa vafdr fdlh Hkh Øela[;k ls vkjaHk dj ldrs gSaA eku yhft, geus Øela[;k
5 ls pquko vkjaHk fd;k rks 5] 15] 25] 35] 45] 55] 65] 75] 85 rFkk 95 la[;kvksa okys fo|kFkhZ fun'kZu osQ
:i esa pqus tk,axsA
(n) vfu;fer vadu iz.kkyh (Irregular Marking Method)µbl iz.kkyh esa Hkh lexz dh leLr
bdkb;ksa dh ,d lwph cukbZ tkrh gS vkSj ml lwph esa ls izFke rFkk vafre vad dks NksM+dj 'ks"k bdkb;ksa dh
lwph esa vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ vfu;fer <ax ls fofHkUu bdkb;ksa esa mrus gh fu'kku yxkrk pyrk tkrk gS ftrus fd

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