Page 115 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ12% fun'kZu

fun'kZu mls pquus gSaA blesa vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ ls ;g vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd og izFke rFkk vafre vad dks NksM+dj uksV
fcuk i{kikr osQ vfu;fer <ax ls fun'kZuksa dks pqu ysxk] ij blesa i{kikr dk lekos'k gks tkrk gSA
(;) fVIisV iz.kkyh (Tippet Method)µizksisQlj fVIisV (L.H.C. Tippet) us pkj vadksa okyh 10400 la[;kvksa
dh ,d lwph cukbZ FkhA mu la[;kvksa dks nSo fun'kZu&i¼fr esa iz;ksx djus osQ mís'; ls lqfuf'pr dj fn;k
x;k gSA ;s la[;k,¡ fcuk fdlh ozQe osQ dbZ i`"Bksaa ij fy[kh xbZ gSA tc fdlh vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ dks vius vè;;u
osQ fy, fun'kZu pquuk gksrk gS rks og izks- fVIisV }kjk cukbZ xbZ lwph osQ fdlh Hkh i`"B ls yxkrkj mruh gh
la[;k,¡ ys ysrk gS ftruh la[;k esa mls fun'kZu pquuk gSA chp esa dksbZ la[;k ugha NksM+h tkuh pkfg,A fVIisV
}kjk fn, x, vadksa esa ls izFke 20 la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gSaµ

2952 6641 3392 9792
4167 9524 1545 1396
2370 7483 3408 2762

0560 5246 1112 6107
2754 9143 1405 9025

bl iz.kkyh ls fun'kZu pquus osQ rjhosQ dks ,d mnkgj.k ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn gesa 100 èk£edksa osQ
,d lexz esa ls 10 Jfed fun'kZu esa pquus gSa rks ge igys lexz dh lHkh bdkb;ksa dks fdlh Hkh Øe ls
O;ofLFkr djosQ mudh ,d lwph cuk ysaxsA fiQj fVIisV dh lwph osQ fdlh Hkh LFkku ls yxkrkj 10 la[;k,¡ ys
ysaxs vkSj ml Øela[;k osQ Jfedksa dks fun'kZu osQ :i esa pqu fy;k tk,xkA ;fn bu 10 Jfedksa dk fun'kZu
Hkh fVIisV dh mijksDr la[;kvksa osQ vkèkkj ij pquk tk,xk rks os bl izdkj gksaxhµ52] 67] 70] 60] 54] 41]
24] 33] 46 vkSj 4-3A lexz dh lwph esa ls ftu&ftu bdkb;ksa dh Øela[;k 52] 67] 70 vkfn gS mUgsa
10 bdkb;ksa dks fun'kZu esa LFkku fn;k tk,xkA pw¡fd gekjk lexz osQoy 100 Jfedksa dk gS blfy, Jh fVIisV
}kjk mYysf[kr la[;k esa ls 100 osQ vanj okys vadksa dks gh ge pqusaxsA tks la[;k ,d ckj vk tkrh gS og nqckjk
ugha yh tkrhA fVIisV iz.kkyh vfèkd oSKkfud ekuh tkrh gS blhfy, bldk iz;ksx vfèkd gksrk gSA

(j) fxzM iz.kkyh (Grid Method)µbl iz.kkyh dk iz;ksx {ks=kh; pquko esa fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh
fo'kky {ks=k esa ls oqQN fofHkUu {ks=kksa dks fun'kZu osQ :i esa pquus osQ fy, fxzM i¼fr mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrh gSaA
bl iz.kkyh esa loZizFke ml fo'kky {ks=k osQ fy, HkkSxksfyd ekufp=k ;k rks rS;kj djk;k tkrk gS ;k dgha ls izkIr
gksrk gSA ml ekufp=k ij fxzM IysV] tks lsY;wykbM ;k fdlh vU; ikjn'kZd inkFkZ dh cuh gksrh gS] j[k nh tkrh
gSA bl IysV esa oxkZdkj [kkus dVs gksrs gSa ftl ij uacj fy[ks gksrs gSaA ;g igys gh r; dj fy;k tkrk gS fd
uacjksa dks fun'kZu esa ysuk gSA uacjksa dk fu.kZ; vkdfLed fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ekufp=k osQ ftu Hkkxksa ij
fuèkkZfjr uacjksa osQ dVs gq, oxZ vkrs gSa mu ij fu'kku yxk fy;k tkrk gSA ;s Hkkx gh ;k {ks=k gh fun'kZu dh
bdkb;k¡ gksrh gSaA
(y) dksVk fun'kZu (Quota Sampling)µbl iz.kkyh osQ varxZr lcls igys lexz dks dbZ oxks± esa foHkkftr
dj fy;k tkrk gSA blosQ i'pkr~ ;g fuf'pr dj fy;k tkrk gS fd izR;sd oxZ esa ls fdruh bdkb;k¡ pquuh gSa]
fiQj izR;sd oxZ esa ls vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ mruh gh bdkb;k¡ viuh bPNk ls Lora=krkiwoZd Nk¡V ysrs gSaA bl izdkj pquh
xbZ bdkb;ksa dks fun'kZu eku fy;k tkrk gSA pw¡fd bl i¼fr esa bdkb;ksa dks pquus dh Lora=krk vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ dks
nh tkrh gS bl dkj.k blesa i{kikr dh laHkkouk vfèkd gksrh gSA
nSo fun'kZu osQ xq.k ;k ykHk (Merits of Random Sampling)µnSo fun'kZu osQ vius oqQN xq.k gSa ftUgsa
fd ge fuEufyf[kr :i esa izLrqr dj ldrs gSaµ

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