Page 118 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV izfrfufèkRo djsA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] leku y{k.k ;k fo'ks"krkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij lexz dh bdkb;ksa dks fofHkUu
mi&foHkkxksa ;k oxks± esa foHkkftr djosQ loZizFke lexz esa ,d:irk (homogeneity) ykus dk iz;Ru fd;k tkrk
gSA lexz dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks ns[krs gq, rFkk vuqlaèkku dh leL;k dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, vuqlaèkkudrkZ ljyrk
ls ;g r; dj ldrk gS fdl vkèkkj ij vkSj fdrus oxks± esa foHkDr fd;k tk,A lexz dks bl izdkj oxks± esa
foHkkftr dj ysus osQ i'pkr nSo fun'kZu dks pquus dh fdlh Hkh mi;qDr iz.kkyh dh lgk;rk ls izR;sd oxZ esa
ls mfpr la[;k esa fun'kZu pqu fy;k tkrk gSA izR;sd oxZ ls izdkj fun'kZu pqurs le; bl ckr dk è;ku j[kk
tkrk gS fd tgk¡ rd gks losQ izR;soQ oxZ ls mruh gh bdkb;k¡ pquh tk,¡ ftl vuqikr esa oxZ dh oqQy bdkb;k¡
lexz esa gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn ,d lexz esa f'k{kd 120] bathfu;j 10] MkWDVj 30] vkSj odhy 50 gSa vkSj ;fn
gesa 10 izfr'kr fun'kZu pquuk gS rks 12 f'k{kd] 1 bathfu;j] 3 MkWDVj rFkk 5 odhyksa dks ge fun'kZu osQ :i
esa nSo fun'kZu pquus dh fdlh ,d iz.kkyh dh lgk;rk ls pqu ysaxsA bl izdkj laLrfjr fun'kZu esa nSo fun'kZu
pquus dh iz.kkyh dh Hkh lgk;rk yh tkrh gS vkSj blhfy;s bls izk;% laLrfjr nSo fun'kZu (Stratified
Random Sampling) dgrs gSaA
laLrfjr fun'kZu osQ izdkj (Kinds of Stratified Sampling)µlaLrfjr fun'kZu rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSµ(v)
lekuqikfr (Proportionate)–blesa izR;sd oxZ esa ls bdkb;k¡ mlh vuqikr esa pquh tkrh gSa ftl vuqikr esa oxZ
dh oqQy bdkb;k¡ lexz esa gSaA (c) vlekuqikfrd (Disproportionate)µblesa izR;sd oxZ ls leku la[;k
esa bdkb;k¡ pquh tkrh gSa\ pkgs lexz esa fdlh oxZ dh bdkb;ksa dh la[;k fdruh gh gksA bldk rkRi;Z ;gh gqvk
fd ;fn fofHkUu oxk±s esa bdkb;k¡ leku la[;k esa ugha gSa rks fun'kZu esa mudh la[;k vlekuqikfrd
(Disproportionate) gks tk,xhA (l) Hkkj;qDr laLrfjr fun'kZu (Stratified Weighted Sampling)µ;g
mijksDr nksuksa izdkjksa dk ,d feyk&tqyk :i gSA blesa izR;sd oxZ ls bdkb;k¡ rks leku la[;k esa pquh tkrh gSa
ijarq ckn esa vfèkd la[;k okys oxk±s dh bdkb;ksa dks vfèkd Hkkj iznku djosQ mudk izHkko c<+k fn;k tkrk gSA
;g Hkkj mlh vuqikr ls c<+k;k tkrk gS ftl vuqikr esa oxZ dh bdkb;k¡ lexz esa gSA
laLrfjr fun'kZu osQ xq.k (Merits of Stratified Sampling)µbl izdkj osQ fun'kZu osQ fuEufyf[kr xq.kksa
dk mYys[k fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
(d) blesa lexz (universe) osQ izR;sd oxZ dh bdkb;ksa dks fun'kZu esa LFkku izkIr gks tkrk gS vkSj fdlh
egÙoiw.kZ oxZ osQ misf{kr gksus dh laHkkouk ugha jgrhA nSo fun'kZu esa ;|fi izR;sd bdkbZ osQ pqus tkus
dh leku laHkkouk jgrh gS] fiQj Hkh dHkh&dHkh oqqQN egÙoiw.kZ oxZ ;k bdkbZ NwV tkrs gSaA laLrfjr
fun'kZu bl laHkkouk dks jksdrh gSA

([k) blesa ;fn fofHkUu oxks± dk foHkktu lroZQrk ls fd;k tk, rks fHkUu&fHkUu oxks± esa ls FkksM+h&FkksM+h bdkb;ksa
dk pquko djus ij Hkh lexz dk izfrfufèkRo gks tkrk gSA nSo fun'kZu esa izfrfufèkRo dk xq.k rHkh izkIr
gksxk tc i;kZIr la[;k esa bdkb;k¡ pquh tk,¡A

(x) blesa fdlh bdkbZ dks vko';drk iM+us ij R;kxdj mlosQ LFkku ij nwljh fdlh bdkbZ dks pquus dh
lqfoèkk gksrh gSA ;fn vkjaHk esa fun'kZu osQ :i esa pquk gqvk dksbZ O;fDr ;k bdkbZ bl izdkj gS fd mlls
laioZQ LFkkfir ugha fd;k tk ldrk rks mlosQ LFkku ij mlh oxZ ls nwljk O;fDr ;k bdkbZ pquh tk
ldrh gSA bl izdkj osQ ifjorZu ls fun'kZu osQ izfrfufèkRoiw.kZ cus jgus esa dksbZ ckèkk ugha iM+rhA
(?k) oxZ&foHkktu HkkSxksfyd vkèkkj ij Hkh gks ldrk gSA {ks=kh; n`f"V ls oxhZdj.k djus ij le; rFkk èku
dh cpr gks tkrh gS vkSj bdkb;ksa ls laioZQ LFkkfir djus esa lqfoèkk gksrh gSA nSo fun'kZu esa bl izdkj
dk dksbZ fu;a=k.k ugha gks ldrk vkSj pquh gqbZ bdkb;k¡ nwj&nwj rd fc[kjh gks ldrh gSaA
laLrfjr fun'kZu osQ nks"k (Defects of Stratified Sampling)µmijksDr xq.k gksrs gq, laLrfjr fun'kZu osQ oqQN
nks"k Hkh gSaµ

(v) ;fn oxks± dk foHkktu Bhd ls ugha fd;k x;k rks fun'kZu esa feF;k>qdko ;k iwoZxzg (bias) mRiUu gks

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