Page 117 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ12% fun'kZu

2- mís';iw.kZ vFkok lfopkj fun'kZu (Purposive Sampling) uksV

tc vuqlaèkkudrkZ fdlh fo'ks"k mís'; dks lkeus j[kdj tku&cw>dj lexz esa oqQN bdkb;ksa dk pquko djrk gS
rks mls mís';iw.kZ ;k lfopkj fun'kZu dgrs gSaA bl izdkj osQ fun'kZu osQ pquko dk eq[; vkèkkj ;gh gS fd
blesa vuqlaèkkudrkZ lexz (universe) dh bdkb;ksa osQ y{k.kksa ls iwoZifjfpr gksdj lfoLrkjiwoZd fun'kZuksa dk
pquko djrk gSA pquko dk vkèkkj vè;;u dk mís'; gksrk gS vkSj mís';ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, mlh osQ vuq:i
vuqlaèkkudrkZ laiw.kZ {ks=k ls lokZfèkd izfrfufèkRoiw.kZ bdkb;ksa dk pquko djrk gSA bl izdkj vè;;u osQ mís';ksa
dks viuk ekxZn'kZu ekurs gq, mís'; dh iw£r osQ mi;qDr fun'kZuksa dk fopkjiwoZd pquko djus osQ dkj.k gh bls
mís';iw.kZ vFkok lfopkj fun'kZu dgrs gSaA Jh ,MksYiQ tsUlu (Adolph Jenson) us fy[kk gS] ¶lfopkj
fun'kZu ls vFkZ gS bdkb;ksa osQ lewgksa dh ,d la[;k dks bl izdkj pquuk fd pqus gq, lewg feydj mu
fo'ks"krkvksa osQ lacaèk esa ;FkklaHko ogh vkSlr vFkok vuqikr iznku djsa tks fd lexz esa gS vkSj ftudh
lkaf[;dh; tkudkjh igys ls gh gSA¸
lfopkj fun'kZu osQ y{k.k (Characteristics of Purposive Sampling)µ
(1) vuqlaèkkudrkZ lexz (universe) dh leLr bdkb;ksa dh fo'ks"krk ls ifjfpr gks rkfd mls igys ls gh
;g Kku gks fd dkSu&lh bdkbZ osQ D;k xq.k gSa vkSj mlh vkèkkj ij dkSu&lh bdkb;ksa dks pquus ls
vè;;u osQ mís';ksa dh izkfIr ljy gks losQxhA
(2) lfopkj fun'kZu esa fun'kZuksa dk pquko fdlh fof'k"V mís'; dks lkeus j[kdj gh fd;k tkrk gSA cgqèkk
lHkh mís';ksa dh iw£r lfopkj fun'kZuksa }kjk ugha gksrh gSA fiQj Hkh ;FkklaHko mís';ksa dh iw£r bl izdkj
osQ fun'kZu dk y{; gksrk gSA
(3) bl iz.kkyh esa pw¡fd vuqlaèkkudrkZ viuh bPNkuqowQy fun'kZuksa dk pquko djrk gS] blfy;s i{kikr dh
laHkkouk Hkh vfèkd gksrh gSA
mís';iw.kZ fun'kZu osQ xq.k (Merits of Purposive Sampling)µmís';iw.kZ fun'kZu osQ fuEufyf[kr xq.kksa dk
mYys[k ge dj ldrs gSaaµ
(d) ;g de [kphZyh gS D;ksafd blesa fun'kZu dk vkdkj cgqr cM+k ugha gksrk gSA bldh ekU;rk ;g gS fd
;fn fun'kZuksa dk pquko i{kikr jfgr gksdj fd;k tk;s rks vis{kkÑr NksVk fun'kZu izfrfufèkRoiw.kZ gks
ldrk gSA
([k) ;g mu vuqlaèkkuksa esa vR;ar mi;ksxh gksrh gS ftuesa lexz dh oqQN bdkb;k¡ fo'ks"k :i ls egÙoiw.kZ gksrh
gSa vkSj blhfy, mudk pquk tkuk vko';d gksrk gSA bl vko';drk dh iw£r nSo fun'kZu ls ugha gks
ldrhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn #gsy[k.M fMfotu dh f'k{kk laLFkkvksa dk vè;;u djuk gS rks cjsyh dkWyst
dks fun'kZu esa lfEefyr djuk vko';d gSA ij ;fn ge nSo fun'kZu&iz.kkyh dks viuk jgs gSa rks fun'kZu
osQ pquko esa cjsyh dkWyst dk uke vk Hkh ldrk gS vkSj ugha Hkh vk ldrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa mís';iw.kZ
fun'kZu&iz.kkyh gh mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrh gSA

3- laLrfjr vFkok oxhZÑr fun'kZu (Stratified Sampling)

izksú flu ikvks ;kax (Hsin Pao Yang) us fy[kk gS fd ¶laLrfjr fun'kZu dk vFkZ gS lexz esa ls mi&fun'kZuksa
(Sub-samples) dks ysuk ftudh fd leku (common) fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa tSls [ksrh osQ izdkj] [ksrksa osQ vkdkj]
Hkwfe ij LokfeRo] f'k{kk&Lrj] vk;] ¯yx] lkekftd oxZ vkfnA mi&fun'kZuksa osQ varxZr vkus okys bu rRoksa
(elements) dks ,d lkFk ysdj izk:i (type) ;k Js.kh osQ :i esa oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk gSA¸ vkSj Hkh Li"V :i
esa ge laLrfjr fun'kZu dks bl izdkj le> ldrs gSaµbl izdkj osQ fun'kZu dk pquko djus osQ fy;s
vuqlaèkkudrkZ loZizFke lexz (universe) dh lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa osQ ckjs esa ,d izkFkfed tkudkjh izkIr djrk
gSA bl tkudkjh osQ vkèkkj ij og lexz dks oqQN oxks± ;k mi&fun'kZuksa (sub-samples) esa foHkDr dj ysrk
gS ftlls izR;sd oxZ lexz osQ osQoy ,d gh xq.k (tSls f'k{kk&Lrj] vk;] èkeZ lkekftd oxZ] ¯yx vkfn) dk

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