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Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk
uksV vfèkdkj vFkZghu fl¼ gks tkrsA lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us bl mís'; ls laoSèkkfud mipkjksa osQ vfèkdkj dks Hkh
lafoèkku esa LFkku fn;k gS] ftldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ukxfjd vfèkdkjksa dks ykxw djus osQ fy, loksZPp U;k;ky;
rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa dh 'kj.k ys ldrs gSaA bu U;k;ky;ksa osQ }kjk O;oLFkkfidk }kjk fufeZr mu lHkh dkuwuksa vkSj
dk;Zikfydk osQ mu dk;ks± dks voSèkkfud ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tk;sxk tks vfèkdkjksa osQ fo#¼ gksaA laoSèkkfud mipkjksa
osQ vfèkdkjksa dh O;oLFkk osQ egÙo dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, Mk- vEcsMdj us dgk Fkk] ¶;fn dksbZ eq>ls ;g iwNs
fd lafoèkku dk og dkSu&lk vuqPNsn gS ftlosQ fcuk lafoèkku 'kwU;izk; gks tk;sxk] rks bl vuqPNsn (vuqPNsn
32) dks NksM+dj eSa vkSj fdlh vuqPNsn dh vksj laosQr ugha dj ldrkA ;g rks lafoèkku dk ân; rFkk vkRek
gSA¸ HkwriwoZ eq[; U;k;kèkh'k jktsUnz xMdj us bls ^Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk lcls izeq[k y{k.k* vkSj lafo/ku }kjk
LFkkfir ^iztkrkfU=kd Hkou dh vkèkkjf'kyk* dgk gSA
loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;ksa osQ }kjk ukxfjdksa osQ ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy, fuEu ik¡p izdkj
osQ ys[k tkjh fd;s tk ldrs gSaµ
(i) cUnh izR;{khdj.k (Habeas Corpus)µO;fDrxr LorU=krk osQ fy, ;g ys[k lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
gSA ;g ml O;fDr dh izkFkZuk ij tkjh fd;k tkrk gS tks ;g le>rk gS fd mls voSèk :i ls cUnh
cuk;k x;k gSA blosQ }kjk U;k;ky;] cUnhdj.k djus okys vfèkdkjh dks vkns'k nsrk gS fd og cUnh
cuk;s x;s O;fDr dks fuf'pr le; vkSj LFkku ij mifLFkr djs] ftlls U;k;ky; cUnh cuk;s tkus osQ
dkj.kksa ij fopkj dj losQA nksuksa i{kksa dh ckr lqudj U;k;ky; bl ckr dk fu.kZ; djrk gS fd
utjcUnh oSèk gS ;k voSèk] vkSj ;fn voSèk gksrh gS rks U;k;ky; cUnh dks iQkSju eqDr djus dh vkKk
nsrk gSA bl izdkj vuqfpr ,oa xSjdkuwuh :i ls cUnh cuk;s x;s O;fDr cUnh izR;{khdj.k osQ ys[k osQ
vkèkkj ij LorU=krk izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
(ii) ijekns'k (Mandamus)µijekns'k dk ys[k ml le; tkjh fd;k tkrk gS tc dksbZ inkfèkdkjh
vius lkoZtfud dÙkZO; dk fuokZg ugha djrkA bl izdkj osQ vkKk i=k osQ vkèkkj ij inkfèkdkjh dks
mlosQ dÙkZO; ikyu dk vkns'k tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) mRizs"k.k (Certiorari)µ;g vkKki=k vfèkdka'kr% fdlh fookn dks fuEu U;k;ky; ls mPp U;k;ky;
esa Hkstus osQ fy, tkjh fd;k tkrk gS] ftlls og viuh 'kfDr ls vfèkd vfèkdkjksa dk miHkksx u djs
;k viuh 'kfDr dk nq#i;ksx djrs gq, U;k; osQ izkÑfrd fl¼kUrksa dks Hkax u djsA bl vkKki=k osQ
vkèkkj ij mPp U;k;ky; fuEu U;k;ky;ksa ls fdUgha fooknksa osQ lEcUèk esa lwpuk Hkh izkIr dj ldrs
gSaA
(iv) izfr"ksèk (Prohibition)µbl vkKki=k osQ }kjk loksZPp U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk fuEu
U;k;ky;ksa rFkk vèkZ&U;kf;d U;k;kfèkdj.kksa dks tkjh djrs gq, ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os ekeys
esa vius ;gk¡ dk;Zokgh LFkfxr dj nsa] D;ksafd ;g ekeyk mlosQ vfèkdkj {ks=k osQ ckgj gSA
(v) vfèkdkj i`PNk (Quo-warranto)µtc dksbZ O;fDr ,sls inkfèkdkjh osQ :i esa dk;Z djus yxrk
gS] ftlosQ :i esa dk;Z djus dk mls oSèkkfud :i ls vfèkdkj ugha gS rks U;k;ky; vf/dkj i`PNk
osQ vkns'k }kjk ml O;fDr ls iwNrk gS fd og fdl vkèkkj ij bl in ij dk;Z dj jgk gS vkSj tc
rd og bl iz'u dk lUrks"ktud mÙkj ugha nsrk] og dk;Z ugha dj ldrkA
O;fDr;ksa osQ }kjk lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh U;k;ky;ksa dh 'kj.k ysdj vius ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk dh tk
ldrh gS] ysfdu ;q¼] ckgjh vkØe.k ;k vkUrfjd v'kkfUr tSlh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] tcfd jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk
32 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
