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bdkbZ—2: ekSfyd vf/dkj

fy, vihy dj ldrk gSA gkbZ dksVZ vkSj lqizhe dksVZ ukxfjdksa osQ vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy, dbZ izdkj osQ ys[k uksV
(Writs) tkjh djrs gSaA ;fn ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku fl¼ gks tk, rks os fdlh O;fDr] laLFkk vFkok
ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ xyr dk;Zokgh dks voSèk ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSaA
10- laln vfèkdkjksa dks de dj ldrh gS (Parliament can curtail the Fundamental
Rights)µlafoèkku osQ }kjk laln ekSfyd vfèkdkj okys vè;k; lfgr lewps lafoèkku esa la'kksèku dj ldrh
gSA ;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd laln lkèkkj.k dkuwuksas }kjk ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa esa fdlh izdkj dk la'kksèku ugha dj
ldrhA ;fn laln dksbZ ,slk dkuwu cukrh gS rks og loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk jn~n dj fn;k tk,xkA vfHkizk; ;g
gS fd og laoSèkkfud la'kksèku }kjk gh ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa esa la'kksèku dj ldrh gSA jkT; foèkkue.Myksa dks
ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa esa deh djus dh 'kfDr iznku ugha dh xbZ gSA èkkjk 368 esa nh xbZ dk;Zfofèk ls ekSfyd
vfèkdkjksa dk la'kksèku fd;k tk ldrk gSA blosQ fy, oqQy lnL;&la[;k osQ cgqer rFkk nksuksa lnuksa essa ls izR;sd
esa mifLFkr o er nsus okys lnL;ksa osQ 2@3 cgqer dk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA 1952 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ eq[;
U;k;kèkh'k 'kkL=kh us dgk Fkk fd ¶vuqPNsn 368 laln dks lafoèkku esa fcuk fdlh NwV osQ la'kksèku djus dk
vfèkdkj iznku djrk gSA¸ ysfdu 1967 esa xksydukFk eqdíes esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g fu.kZ; fn;k Fkk fd
laln dk ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dks de ;k lekIr djus dh 'kfDr ugha gSA 24osa la'kksèku osQ }kjk laln us bl 'kfDr
dks ekU;rk ns nh rFkk 24 vizSy] 1973 dks osQ'kokuUn Hkkjrh osQl esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g funsZ'k fn;k fd
laln ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa esa la'kksèku dj ldrh gSA
11- vYila[;dksa osQ fy, fo'ks"k vfèkdkj (Special Rights for Minorities)µHkkjrh; vf/dkj&i=k esa
vYila[;dksa osQ fgrksa dk fo'ks"k è;ku j[kk x;k gSA fo'ks"kdj nks vfèkdkjµèkkfeZd LorU=krk dk vfèkdkj
(Right to Freedom of Religion) rFkk lkaLÑfrd ,oa 'kSf{kd vfèkdkj (Cultural and Educational
Rights) rks vYila[;dksa osQ fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy;s gh fy[ks x;s gSaA ,d vkn'kZ yksdrU=k esa cgqer vYier
ij 'kklu dj mUgsa oqQpyrk ugha vfirq vYier dks iuius dk volj fn;k tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; vfèkdkj&i=k }kjk
,slh O;oLFkk dks vYila[;dksa osQ vfèkdkjksa osQ :i esa fy[kk x;k gSA
12- lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd vfèkdkjksa dk vHkko (Absence of Social and Economic Rights)µHkkjrh;
vfèkdkj&i=k esa lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd vfèkdkjksa] mnkgj.kr;k dke djus dk vfèkdkj (Right to Work)]
vkjke dk vfèkdkj (Right of Rest and Leisure)] lkekftd lqj{kk dk vfèkdkj (Right to Social
Security)] vkfn 'kkfey ugha fd;s x;s gSaA gk¡] bu vfèkdkjksa dks funsZ'kd fl¼kUrksa osQ v/hu fy[kk x;k gSA
13- 'kL=kèkkjh lsukvksa osQ vfèkdkj lhfer fd, tk ldrs gSa (Rights of Armed Forces can be
Restricted)µlafoèkku dh èkkjk 33 osQ vuqlkj laln lsukvksa esa vuq'kklu dks cuk, j[kus osQ fy, ekSfyd
vfèkdkjksa esa la'kksèku dj ldrh gSA laln iqfyl] lhek lqj{kk vkfn osQ fo"k; esa mfpr O;oLFkk dj ldrh gSA
14- ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dks ykxw djus ossQ fy, fo'ks"k laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk (Special Constitutional

Provision for the Enforcement of Fundamental Rights)µHkkjrh; lafoèkku dh èkkjk 226 osQ
vUrxZr gekjs Nhus x, vfèkdkj dks ykxw djokus osQ fy, mfpr fofèk }kjk izkUr esa mPp U;k;ky; dh 'kj.k
ys ldrs gSa rFkk èkkjk 32 osQ vUrxZr mfpr fofèk }kjk loksZPp U;k;ky; dh 'kj.k ys ldrs gSaA bl lEcUèk esa
ge mfpr ;kfpdk (Writ) dj ldrs gSaA tSlsµgSch;l dkjil (Habeas Carpus)] e.Mkel (Manda-
mus)] otZu (Prohibition)] D;ks&okjaVks (Quo-Warranto) ,oa ljV~;ksVjh (Certiotari)A

fu"d"kZ (Conclusion)µmi;qZDr vè;;u ls lqLi"V fofnr gksrk gS fd vfèkdkjksa osQ fcuk euq"; thou dk iw.kZ
fodkl ugha gks ldrkA ysfdu tc lafoèkku dks la'kksfèkr djosQ budks lhfer fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj
ladVdkyhu fLFkfr esa mUgsa lafoèkku esa fcuk la'kksèku osQ fuyfEcr fd;k tk ldrk gS] rks fiQj mUgsa ekSfyd

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