Page 31 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV vf/dkj lkis{k gksrs gSa rFkk mudk iz;ksx lkekftd izlax esa gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, gekjs lafoèkku esa
ljdkj dks jkT; dh lqj{kk] lkoZtfud O;oLFkk] lkoZtfud uSfrdrk rFkk yksd&dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls ekSfyd
vfèkdkjksa ij le; dh vko';drk vuqlkj mfpr izfrcUèk yxkus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA
5- vfèkdkj udkjkRed vfèkdkj (Mostly Negative Rights)µHkkjrh; vfèkdkj&i=k esa fyf[kr vfèkdkj
vfèkdrj udkjkRed vfèkdkj gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa bu vfèkdkjksa }kjk jkT; ij izfrcUèk rFkk lhek,¡ yxkbZ xbZ gSaA
mnkgj.kr% jkT; ij ;g lhek yxkbZ xbZ gS fd jkT; tkfr] èkeZ] jax] fyax vkfn osQ vkèkkj ij dksbZ Hksn&Hkko
ugha djsxk rFkk u gh ljdkjh in ij fu;qfDr djrs le; ,slk dksbZ Hksn&Hkko djsxkA ijUrq blosQ lkFk gh oqQN
vfèkdkj ldkjkRed :i esa Hkh fy[ks x;s gSaA mnkgj.kr% LorU=krk dh vfèkdkj ftl }kjk ukxfjdksa dh Hkk"k.k
rFkk fopkj izdV djus dh LorU=krk] leqnk; fuekZ.k djus dh LorU=krk] fdlh txg jgus rFkk dksbZ Hkh is'kk
viukus dh LorU=krk vkfn iznku dh xbZ gSA
6- vfèkdkj la?k] jkT;ksa rFkk vU; ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ij leku :i ls ykxw gSa (Rights are Binding
Equally upon Union, States and other State Authorities)µekSfyd vfèkdkjksa osQ Hkkx esa gh
lafoèkku }kjk jkT; 'kCn dh O;k[;k dh xbZ gS rFkk ;g dgk x;k gS fd jkT; 'kCn osQ vFkZ gSaµla?k] izkUr ,oa
LFkkuh; laLFkk,¡A bl rjg vfèkdkj&i=k }kjk yxkbZ xbZ lhek,¡ la?k] jkT;ksa ,oa LFkkuh; laLFkkvksaµuxjikfydk,¡
rFkk iapk;rksaµij Hkh ykxw gSaA bu lHkh laLFkkvksa dks ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr lhekvksa osQ vUnj dk;Z djuk
gksrk gSA gekjs lafoèkku esa ,slk Li"V djosQ Hkkjrh; lafoèkku&fuekZrkvkssa us vejhdh lafoèkku dh deh dks iwjk
fd;k gSA ogk¡ vc Hkh dHkh&dHkh ;g okn&fookn [kM+k gks tkrk gS fd D;k lafoèkku }kjk fn;s x;s ekSfyd
vf/dkj la?k osQ lkFk&lkFk la?kh; bdkb;ksa ij Hkh ykxw gSa fd ugha\
7- Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa vkSj fonsf'k;ksa esa vUrj (Difference between Citizens and Aliens)µHkkjrh;
lafoèkku esa ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa osQ lEcUèk esa Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa rFkk fonsf'k;ksa esa Hksn fd;k x;k gSA oqQN ekSfyd
vfèkdkj ,sls gSa] tks Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks rks izkIr gSa ijUrq fonsf'k;ksa dks ugha] tSlsµHkk"k.k nsus vkSj fopkj izdV
djus dh LorU=krk] ?kweus&fiQjus vkSj ns'k osQ fdlh Hkh Hkkx esa jgus dh LorU=krkA
8- vfèkdkj fuyfEcr fd;s tk ldrs gSa (Rights can be suspended)µgekjs lafoèkku esa vfèkdkjksa dks
ladVdky esa fuyfEcr fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA

uksV~l ckgjh vkØe.k vFkok ckgjh vkØe.k dh lEHkkouk ls mRiUu gksus okys ladV dk lkeuk djus osQ fy;s
jk"Vªifr lEiw.kZ Hkkx vFkok Hkkjr osQ fdlh Hkkx esa ladVdkyhu ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS rFkk ,slh O;oLFkk
esa ukxfjd osQ vfèkdkjksa fo'ks"kr% LorU=krk osQ vfèkdkj (Art. 19) rFkk laoSèkkfud mipkjksa osQ vfèkdkj
dks fuyfEcr dj ldrk gSA

lafoèkku dh bl O;oLFkk dh dbZ vkykspdksa }kjk dM+h fuUnk dh xbZ gS ijUrq gekjs fopkj esa vkykspuk
cqf¼laxr ugha gSA ns'k dk fgr loksZifj gSA vr% ns'k osQ fgr esa vfèkdkjksa dks fuyfEcr fd;k tkuk mfpr gh
gSA
9- ekSfyd vfèkdkj U;k;laxr gSa (Fundamental Rights are Justiciable)µekSfyd vfèkdkj U;k;ky;ksa
}kjk ykxw fd, tkrs gSaA ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dks ykxw djokus osQ fy, lafoèkku esa fo'ks"k O;oLFkk,¡ dh xbZ gSaA
laoSèkkfud mipkjksa dk vfèkdkj ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls 'kkfey gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd dksbZ Hkh
ukxfjd ftlosQ ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku gks] gkbZ dksVZ vFkok lqizhe dksVZ ls vius vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ

26 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY