Page 30 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

bdkbZ—2: ekSfyd vf/dkj

vU; ;wjksfi;u jkT;ksa osQ lafoèkkuksa ij iM+kA izFke egk;q¼ osQ ckn vusd iqjkus jkT;ksa vkSj ;q¼ osQ ckn LFkkfir uksV
vusd uohu jkT;ksa osQ lafoèkkuksa esa ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;kA bl lEcUèk esa teZuh dk ohej
lafoèkku rFkk vk;jySaM dk lafoèkku fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA f}rh; egk;q¼ osQ ckn ekSfyd vf/dkj dk
fopkj vkSj Hkh yksdfiz; gqvk vkSj ;q¼ osQ ckn Hkkjr] cekZ] tkiku vkfn ftu ns'kksa osQ lafoèkkuksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk
mu lHkh esa ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;kA 1945 esa LFkkfir vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBu] ^la;qDr jk"Vª la?k*
osQ }kjk Hkh 10 fnlEcj] 1948 bZ- dks ^ekuoh; vfèkdkjksa dh lkoZykSfdd ?kks"k.kk* (Universal Declaration
of Human Rights) osQ uke ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; vfèkdkj i=k Lohdkj fd;k x;kA Hkkjr esa Hkh o"kZ 1993 esa jk"Vªh;
ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dj yh xbZ gSaA bl izdkj ekSfyd vf/dkjksa osQ fopkj us orZeku le; esa ,d
loZekU; èkkj.kk dk :i xzg.k dj fy;k gSA

VkLd ekSfyd vfèkdkj ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

2-1 ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Features of Fundamental Rights)

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa fn, x;s ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSaµ

D;k vki tkurs gSa Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ekSfyd vfèkdkj osQ fy, vesfjdk osQ lafoèkku dk Í.kh gSA

1- foLr`r vfèkdkj&i=k (A detailed Bill of Rights)µHkkjrh; vfèkdkj&i=k dh izFke fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd
;g ,d foLr`r vfèkdkj&i=k gSA 23 vuqPNsnksa esa] ftudh vkxs tkdj dbZ èkkjk,¡ gSa] ukxfjdksa osQ vf/dkjksa dk
foLr`r o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.kr% vuqPNsn 19 }kjk ukxfjdksa dks LorU=krk dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gS rFkk
blosQ 6 Hkkx ,sls gSa ftuesa ukxfjdksa dh 6 fofHkUu LorU=krkvksa vkSj muosQ vioknksa vkfn dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA
,slk gh foLr`r o.kZu vU; vuqPNsnksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
2- lafoèkku }kjk fn;s x;s vfèkdkjksa osQ vfrfjDr ukxfjdksa dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha (No Right outside
the Rights given by the constitution)µvejhdh lafoèkku esa ;g O;oLFkk gS fd ukxfjdksa dks u osQoy
;s vfèkdkj izkIr gSa tksfd lafoèkku esa fy[ks x;s gSa vfirq muosQ vfrfjDr os lc vfèkdkj Hkh ukxfjdksa dks izkIr
gSa tksfd ukxfjdksa osQ ikl izkphu le; ls gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] vejhdk osQ lafoèkku }kjk izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa osQ
fl¼kUr dks vizR;{k :i esa ekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa ,sls fl¼kUr dk Li"V :i esa [k.Mu
fd;k x;k gSA ;g Li"V dgk x;k gS fd ukxfjdksa dks osQoy os gh vfèkdkj izkIr gSa tksfd lafo/ku esa fy[ks
gSaA muosQ vfrfjDr fdlh Hkh vfèkdkj dks ekU;rk ugha nh xbZ gSA
3- lHkh ukxfjdksa dks leku vfèkdkj (Equal Rights to All)µekSfyd vfèkdkj tkfr] èkeZ] uLy] jax]
fyax vkfn osQ HksnHkko osQ fcuk lHkh ukxfjdksa dks izkIr gSaA cgqla[;d vkSj vYila[;dksa esa dksbZ Hksn ughaA ;g
lHkh ij leku :i ls ykxw gksrs gSa vkSj dkuwuh n`f"V ls lHkh ukxfjdksa osQ fy, gSaA ljdkj bu ij mfpr izfrcUèk
yxkrs le; ukxfjdksa esa Hksn ugha dj ldrhA
4- vfèkdkj iw.kZ vkSj vlhfer ugha gSa (Rights are not Absolute and Unlimited)µdksbZ Hkh
vfèkdkj vlhfer ugha gks ldrkA mldk iz;ksx nwljksa osQ fgr dks è;ku esa j[kdj gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

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