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bdkbZ—4: jkT; osQ uhfr&funsZ'kd fl¼kar




                                                                                                    uksV


               uksV~l  èkkjk 43 osQ vuqlkj jkT; izR;sd Js.kh osQ etnwjksa osQ fy, vPNk osru] vPNk thou&Lrj rFkk vko';d
                     NqfV~V;ksa dk izcaèk djsA jkT; bl izdkj dk izcaèk djs fd etnwj lkekftd rFkk lkaLÑfrd lqfoèkkvksa
                     dk vf/d&ls&vfèkd ykHk izkIr dj losaQA

            2- xk¡èkhoknh fl¼kar (Gandhian Principles)% bl Js.kh esa os fl¼kar 'kkfey fd, tk ldrs gSa ftuls
            lekt dh LFkkiuk gks ldrh gS ftudk LoIu xk¡èkh th osQ eu esa FkkA
                (i) èkkjk 40 osQ vuqlkj xk¡oksa esa xzke iapk;rksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xkA

                (ii) èkkjk 43 osQ vuqlkj xk¡oksa esa ?kjsyw nLrdkfj;ksa dh mUufr osQ fy, iz;Ru fd;k tk,xkA
               (iii) èkkjk 46 osQ vuqlkj jkT; detksj oxks± dks rFkk fo'ks"kr% vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s dchyksa dks
                   f'k{kk lEcUèkh lqfoèkk,¡ iznku djsxk] mudks lkekftd vU;k; rFkk gj izdkj osQ 'kks"k.k ls cpk,xkA

               (iv) èkkjk 47 osQ vuqlkj jkT; 'kjkc rFkk vU; u'khyh oLrqvksa ij tks LokLF; osQ fy, gkfudkjd gSa]
                   izfrcaèk yxkus dk iz;kl djsxkA
                (v) èkkjk 48 osQ }kjk nwèk nsus okys i'kqvksa dks ekjus ij jksd yxk,xk rFkk i'kqvksa dh uLy lqèkkjus dk ;Ru
                   djsxkA

            3- mnkjoknh fl¼kar (Liberal Principles)% bl Js.kh esa lkèkkj.k rFkk fo'kky fopkjksa okys euksjFkksa dks
            'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
                (i) èkkjk 44 osQ vuqlkj jkT; leLr Hkkjr esa leku O;ogkj fu;e (Uniform Civil Code) ykxw djus
                   dk ;Ru djsxkA
                (ii) èkkjk 45 osQ vuqlkj lafoèkku ykxw gksus osQ nl o"kZ osQ vUnj&vUnj jkT; 14 o"kZ rd osQ ckydksa osQ
                   fy, fu%'kqYd rFkk vfuok;Z f'k{kk iznku djsxkA

               (iii) èkkjk 47 osQ vuqlkj jkT; yksxksa osQ thou&Lrj rFkk [kqjkd&Lrj dks mQ¡pk mBkus rFkk muosQ LokLF;
                   esa lqèkkj djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA
               (iv) èkkjk 48 osQ vuqlkj jkT; oSKkfud vkèkkj ij Ñf"k vkSj i'kqikyu dk lapkyu djsxkA

                (v) èkkjk 50 osQ vuqlkj jkT; U;k;ikfydk dks dk;Zikfydk ls i`Fko~Q j[kus dk iz;kl djsxkA
            4- vUrjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkksa lacaèkh fl¼kar (Principles Relating to International Relations)% bl Js.kh
            esa ,sls fl¼kar 'kkfey fd, x, gSa ftudk y{; fo'o&'kkfUr LFkkfir djuk gSA ;s fl¼kar bl izdkj gSaµ
            èkkjk 51 osQ vuqlkjµ

                (i) jkT; vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kkfUr rFkk O;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsxkA
                (ii) jkT; fofHkUu jk"Vªksa osQ chp lEekuiwoZd rFkk U;k;ksfpr lEcUèkksa dks cuk, j[kus dk ;Ru djsxkA

               (iii) jkT; vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkuwuksa] lfUèk;ksa rFkk le>kSrksa dk eku djsxkA
               (iv) vUrjkZ"Vªh; >xM+ksa dks iap iSQlys (Arbitration) }kjk fuiVkus osQ <ax dk jkT; leFkZu djsxkA

            5- vU; fl¼kar (Other Principles)% èkkjk 49 osQ vuqlkj jkT; ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa dh j{kk djus dk iwjk
            iz;kl djsxkA



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