Page 118 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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fJekJh^5L Bhe'b' w?uhTftbh

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               fi;d Bkb Jesk wXekbhB ntXkoDk ƒ ykfoi eo fdsk ns fJe nkXfBe GktBk d nrodsA '        B'N
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               ftZu'A fJZe pµB frnk.
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               ;og dD pbK, okPNoh ;ofynk, ns ysoh nyvsk, cih d og ftu ci dh ofynk eoD bJh
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               ns/ nZr/ oki d/ fjsK d/ nB[Gt eo ;Zed/ j?. T[BQK dh T[gbpXh XowfBogZy oki tb'A fGVB ftZu
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               ofynk jfJnk j ns ftfrnkBh fJ;dh edos ns ;Gkn dh iKu. TBK dh okiBhse :EkoEtkd
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               Tj TdPK ƒ gkgs jdk j, fi;d bJh Tj fJokdk ;B PkpkPh ;B. Sophists soK, TBK B /
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               fejk, ekotkJh d og ftu BjhA j, bfeB TBK d BshinK d wkwb ftu goh soK tbA ekotkJh
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               fBnK. Tj ftfrnkB ns gihtkd dh tkXk dh TAwhd eo ;ed j. eM jkb jh ftnkyktKth T;ƒ
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               Tdkotkd ns pjbtkd d Ssh tbA Ssh gshgkde d og ftu dyD d bJh.
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             •  wunftbh ;h 1 oki bJh ns ftt;fEs okiBhsh dh Pesh fdP ƒ ;Gkb dDk, jmK T;h soK Q
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               tork r?fbb:' rshPhbsk e[dos d/ nkX[fBe ftfrnkB d/ nkXko pµB frnk ftZu fJZe Bt/A
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               ftfrnkB dh BhAj ftSkTD. wunftbh nfXrojD, oyoykt ns okiBhse ;s d ;weB bJh
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               ;xoP, 17 tnK ;dh ftu fJe jp; ns Harrington dnkok ftef;s ftPbPD d og ftu
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               okiBhsh ftu gfjukD ehsh j, f;edo (1755^1804) ns jfwbNB i; (1751^1836) 18 th
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               ;dh ftu wfv;B, Pareto, Mosca, ns 19 tnK ;dh ftu Michels, ns Jvtov, okpoN,
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               vftv, j;, woNB ekgbkB ns 20 th ;dh ftu jobv Lasswell .
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             •  wunftbh fJsjk; d gVkJh d wjst T¤s io, wunftbh fJe sohek j fe nfsns bkGdkfJe
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               ;h dh ;EkgBk ehsh. jkbKfe, fJsjk; dh fJe vxk fe; rb jD d pktid, TBKB wffBnK iKdk
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               j fe wBy edos ;EkJh ns ;fEo pD oj, fJj ;Gt Bshik eYDk okiBhse ;Gkn d f;XKsA.
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               okiBhse ftt;Ek ePfDe ;h dh fJe Two ftu ofjd ;B. ;EkJh dh Ioos d Bkb fJe ekb
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               nshs wBy edos ftu ftPtk; bJh Tgkn ns okiBhse ns ;kwkie nkdP dh Grosk dh
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               ftnkfynk wkBdv pB frnk. wBy edos d jo gy d nkgD fpnkB d pktid, ur ;wki ns /
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               wBy ƒ ;og dD ftu nkgDh Gfwek d wjst ftu Tj ed ftPtk; yj fdsk j. Tj okiBhse
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               ihtB ftu tv gwkB T¤s fGqPNkuko dh Gfwek dk gVkJh eoD bJh gfjbh tko ;h. TBK dk
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               fbykJh okiBhse ihtB dh eAdoh Bfse dftXk tKd pko ftu fbnkfJnk frnk ;h, bJh Tj p /
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               ;nkd ns eVk ;u dh rb ehsh ;h. Tj mhe jh fejk fe okiBhse ihtB ftu, ihtB ns fdb
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               dh ufrnkJh dh Bkgkeh xN wknB oydk j. ;cbsk bJh wjstgoD ;h, ns ;cb jD bJh fJe
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               ur ftnesh bJh nfijk jDk fdykfJnk jfJnk jD d fpBK GVk j ikDB bJh ehsk ;h. i ?
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               nikdh, ns PpdeP ftu okiBhse ;cbsk dk bkIwh ss dk rmB ehsk j. virtu dk Tj
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               ;wekbh fJNbh ftu froktN nkJh j, i nkgD JeheoD ns nikdh ƒ ofenk lamented.Tj
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               fJe fdyktNh ns ftbkf;skgoD ihtB, tfvnkJh ns virtu i ofenk ekoi eodk j dh
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