Page 119 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N fBfdnk ehsh.
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• wunftbh th ;EkJh ns ;kotGfwe og ftu ;xoP ƒ ;theko eo fbnk j, fJj ;tGkte og
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ftu nkgD gottosh:A d ftgohs i ngkfeshe ns fJbki d og ftu ;kwkie ftt;Ek d eM
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geko d dnko ;kwkie ;xoP tfynk, ty fojk j. ;kwkie ;xoP d nkXko nkw nkdwh ns /
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PeshPkbh ns XBh d ftu ;EkJh ;xoP ;h, jkbKfe Tj nkoEe BIo tbA ;xoP BjhA ;wfMnk
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;h. Tj Pesh ns tou;t bJh okiK d ftu bVkJh d wkwb ftu ;xoP ;wM. fJe oki d /
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ndo, xob nvbsk ns ;xoP bJh ekoB TBK d ihtB ns ikfJdkd dh ;ofynk bJh pjws d /
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ftu dh fJSk ;h, idA fe fJe SNh frDsh, OrchIrchs, jkth j ns iBsk ƒ fBnsfos eoD dh
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wr ehsh. Polybius, wunftbh tbA wfj;; ehsk j fe ;xoP jh ftnkge og tbA gubs BjhA
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;h, bfeB fJj th fJe ;kXB d og ftu spdhb ehsk ik ;edk j bJh ;kwkie og tbA '
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bkGdkfJe yasw jdk j ƒ pVktk dD d. fJe fGPN ns fJe gB okPNowvb d ftu ;xoP dh
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edos ftu nso dh fvroh ns ;xoP dh rDtsk, ns iK fJj dh jkioh iK nBg;fEsh BjhA
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;h. fJe gB okPNowvb ftu, ;xoP nkw ekBB ns nfXeko bJh ur ;pX d dkfJo d ndo
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ns fj; d jmb tos d Bkb nkifis ehsk frnk. nikdh ;kwkie ;xoP podkPs wsbp j.
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;xoP, ieo urh soK tbA gpfXs ns okiBhse ;wMsk tbA ;Gkfbnk, okiBhse gfoenk bJh
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Pesh ns tkfJpoA; d fJe ;os pB frnk.
• toDB eoD bJh nso, wunftbh owB TdkjoD dk fJ;swkb ehsk j, fJj j fe cboA; d Bkb
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nyk. ow ftu, plebIns ns patricans d ftu ;xoP ;hBN ns nkgD tribuns d Bkb beK
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ƒ fgnkok ftXkB;GktK d ndo rDsso iK BkrfoeK dh nikdh dk gkD d fpBK ;;Ekrs ;h.
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fJ;d ftgohs, cboA;, atomization ns ;wki d jo fJe ftnesh d Bkb fJe Nkg, {
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Xkofwesk, Bkrfoe virtu, JhwkBdkoh ns nfXeko dk ;BwkB pDBA fJBeko eo fdsk.
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rNpkih ns tv gwkB T¤s ukb eo oj ;B ns ;oeko PeshPkbh coteries bJh fJe yso pB
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frnk. nkoEe n;wkBsk ftu tkXk jJh j, nkb; ns beioh ;kwkie YKu ƒ xN nKfenk
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froktN nkJh j, gB, ns bkbu ftu tkXk jJh. ekƒB dk gfotosB ewio j rJh ns /
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nke;fwesktK d nB;ko ;wMsk ehsk frnk ;h. sK, idA se fe T¤E Bkrfoe nkdP ns gfjbK
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f;XKsA bJh fJe tkg;h dh fJe BtheoD ;h, fJE se fe fttegoD okiBhsh wsk nX L gsB
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ns ePJ d tb itko ;Nw eoD ftu ;woEktkB BjhA jtrk. wunftbh ;theko ehs iKd fe
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spdhbh ihtB ns ;G eM, fJE se fe ;GsA nSk nkdP fdsk ns ow ;gkoNk fitA okiK
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froktN nkJh j, dk o;sk ;h.
• wunftbh d bJh, fJe ;ftt;fEs oki urh soK tbA ehsk ik fojk j ns ;kwkie ;xoP ns /
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wBy edos d eNogEh ;tkoE dk wekpbk eoD bJh Iooh ;ofynk ;fB;fus ehsh. oki ftu
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eJh T¤u ns iK fe; dth tosA ;h. fJj fJe ty iK i i fJ;ƒ rfYnk eoD bJh fpjso
Py;hns BjhA ;h. ;cb okiK ftu fJe wips cih, ihtB, ikfJdkd, gotko ns jo Bkrfoe,
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ftneshrs nkoEe nfGTdJ ƒ pVktk dD d fpBK nkoEe pyasktoh, ftbkf;sk dh ;yas
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ftfBnwB, nSk ekBB ns wXkth BkrfoeK d nfXeko dh wkBsk j, bJh ;BwkB d ;BwkB dh
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