Page 207 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

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dnkok gGkfts jfJnk ;h. feneton d ;;eoD ftu eos bJh fJe ;wK ftu idA uBktK ;B fJe ykbh
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f;jk;B ƒ GoB bJh nkifis jD bJh ofyne ns telemachus, ulysses dh sbkP ftu nkfJnk ;h.
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fJe JEbfNe wekpb d pknd, is TwhdtkoK fsB ;tkb gS ;BL nkdwh eh ;GsA nIkd ;h< i ;GsA '
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dyh ;h< fiBK ftu d tbA g;dhdk, jDk ukjhdk j fJe okik i bVkJh iK fJe okik i fpBK fe; th cih
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nBGt, wjkB pXh d Bkb f;tb ;oeko PKsh d ;wA ftu gPk;B ;ed ftu nfis ;h< telemachus TBK Q
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dk dbhba j fe yPh dk Pk;e fJe j i d;ohnK d yP ehsk frnk ;h dnkok fJj wekpb fish. pAEw
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rfjokJh tbA fJ; eEk tbA gGkfts ehsk frnk ;h. fJ; wsbp ftu, T;dh ;GsA tvh yPh f;XKs nkgDh
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puekBk, gwgoD nkdoPheoD d telemachus dk dbhba ;h (we ibid L 32).
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Helvetious tbA, pAEw nfj;k; jfJnk fe ekƒB ;ko ;K;kfoe gPk d ;GsA wjstgoD ;h. ekƒB d /
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pknd tbA ;ko wBy wbe fJe fitA ;B ns TBK dh gotfoP, wkjb ns f;fynk d ekoB TBK d wsGd
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;B Tg:es ;XkoK d pko ftu fbnk ;edk j. Tj dh xPDk ehsh H H H eh peB Gfse dBhnk d bJh,
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Helvetious ƒ Bfse ;h. Bfse dBhnk fJ;bJh fJ;dh peB fgnk j, bfeB fJ;dh fBTNB jD se nk
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fojk j (Bentham cited in halvey 1928L 19).
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pAEw fe fBTNB ehsk ik eoD bJh nk; ftnes ehsh. Tj th T;ƒ fJe itkp j ;MtkB, tkb T;ƒ
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ftnkeb eodk ;h ed Tj t;Nfw;No ;eb, vkH Markham d gXkBkfXnkge ƒ nkgD fgsk dnkok fJe
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gshGk d og ftu gP ehsk frnk ;h d pknd tbA fJe Ppd dk wsbp gdkB eoD d Bkb Helvetious dk
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gB. idA gXkBkfXnkge dnkok gS ;MtkB d wsbp d itkp dD ftu n;woE, pAEw Pofwdk ;h. fJe
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ihfBn; dk TsgkdB eoD dk wsbp j. fJ;dk wsbp f;yD T¤s, Tj jokBh j fe eh Tj eM bJh fJe
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GkrK tkbk ;h Po eo fdsk < ;woE nkswk yi d pknd T;B wfj;; ehsk fe Tj ekƒBK codifyinh bJh
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fJe Tgjko ;h.
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noG dk 1770 tbA, ekƒB dk gVkJh pAEw dh ;GsA wjstgoD gotk pB frnk. Tj ekƒB dk nfGnk;
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BjhA ehsk ;h, bfeB eh ekƒB, fJj eh ;h pikJ ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j d pko ftu fbykJh T¤s fXnkB e /
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Adfos ehsk. ftueko ^ 1780 tbA ibdh 1770 dh fwnkd pAEw d ftukoK d ftek; ftu pjs wjst dk
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;h. fJ; ;wA d dokB Tj nkgDh Toik ekƒB, dBK ftu fJrbAv ns jo dPK d soe;rs nkXko ƒ ;wMD
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bJh ;wogs. TBK d Ssh tbA Ssh go:iBk, noG dk f;XKsA, fejk iKdk j Tj nkgD nkg T¤s BtA ns /
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ftt;fEs ekƒBh PosK i E:oh ns nfGnk; d ekƒB dk gVkJh eoD bJh fJ;swkb ehsk ik ;edk dk
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fJe ;N pDkTD d ekoi ;N eo. TBK dh gKv fbfgnK gfoGkPktK ns wb PpdK ns ntXkoDktK d ftPb /
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PD d fBnkfJ Pk;so ftu Pkfwb.
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ftueko^1770 ftu, T¤s 28 ;kb dh Two, ftfbnw pbe;NB dk fJe bwk nkbuBk pAEw B fbfynk
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(1723^1780) NhektK (1765^1769) fJrbAv d ekƒBK T¤s. fJ; nkbuBk dk fJe fj;k 1776 ftu,
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;oeko, Shelbourne, fJe Whig ebhB d nob d fjs arousing T¤s fJe NeVk d og ftu gek;fas ehsk
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frnk ;h. pAEw d ew tbA gGkfts j, nob Bowood, Wilshire T¤s TBK d dP d xo ftu ofjD bJh
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T;ƒ ;fdnk. fJj nkw ftukoK ns TdP T¤s nkXkfos fJe eohph foPs dh Ponks ;h.
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fdbu;g j, fJe NeVk ;oeko T¤s gfjbh tko rwBkw og tbA, fJ;dh roEekfosk d pko ftu ek|h
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nNebK Ts;kjiBe gek;fas ehsk frnk ;h. idA bye dk Bkw rbsh tbA gsk ubk ;h fJ;dh fteoh
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