Page 211 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko


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                                 j fe ;ko ;;feshnK, Pkfwb fBotkuerD ysw gXkBsk eoD bJh fJSs ;ko ;EkBK T¤s, toswkB Gfty
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                                 d og ftu th. TBKB fJe tko jbh ^ jbh TBK d f;XKsA ƒ rd bD ns yPh ns pXh ftu brksko soeh
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                                 eo fojk fJe dBhnk dh ;GktBk ftukoBk eoD bJh fJe ;dh ftu irkD dh fJSk ftnes ehsh. fJ; ns
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                                 d tb TBKB eVh fwjs, ;kfJnk; fJe BtA ftfrnkB fi;dk frnkB eih ;ko wBy iksh dhnK ;wf;nktK
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                                 bJh nkifis dh pfBnkdh rbK ftu jmK ftSkTD dh fJe wkordoPe f;XKs dnkok fBodPs. fwoKvk,
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                                 rivadavia, bolivar, santander, i; v valle ns/ andrade pAEw d ub, ƒ rd bD ns dyD nwohek ftu
                                 nkgD/ ;pµXs d/PK d/ ;µftXkBK ftZu nkgD/ f;ZXKs'A ƒ bkr{ ;B. J/vtov livingston, pkeh nwfoeB
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                                 codifirfer pAEw ftXkB dk ftfrnkB T¤s gekP ;N fdsk j eoD bJh fJe nkdwh, gkuhB ns nkXfBe
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                                 ;wK ftu dBK d og ftu tofDs j.
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                                 pAEw Bkb d;sh ns rammohan okJ d Bkb corresponded, rammohanH nkgD nkg tbA pAEw dh fJBeko
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                                 edosh nfXeko f;XKs ns ekƒB ns fBshesk d ftu Gd d T¤s ufenk. Tj th Tg:rsktkd d f;XKsA '
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                                 tbA gGkfts ehsk frnk ;h. bfeB pAEw, i ns finkdk emo ;h, d ftgohs fJe ftnkge fe;w d tyo /
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                                 ;wkiK Pk;h d f;XKsA d ;pX ftu rammohan ;theko ehs iKd j. fJ;d fJbktk rammohan, g;, T;
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                                 bJh dh nikdh dk fJe gpb ufgnB brdk j ns ftnes eoD bJh nikdh ƒ pVktk fwbrk, ns fJ;
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                                 geko tbA eJh i J; fwb d soeK T¤s fJe nkXfBe ;kT ;wki ftu nikdh d wjst d gfsnk;fas ;h.
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                                 pAEw fJe pkfXnekoh bye ns fJe gBohePe ;h. Tj brksko gfjbK fbfynk eM ;gPN eoD bJh
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                                 nkgD gVkJh tbA jNke gkgs jdk j. TBK d ;wekbhBA ftuA fJe Tj fJe yb pvfwNB dh PNbeke ƒ
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                                 BtK ;tog dh e;faP d fpBK yb ;edk BjhA fe fNgDh dhL
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                                         pAEw nkgD nkgƒ jw/Pk fJe fttjkoe seVh ehsh ftbyD :iBktK pDkJh d bJh
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                                         bfeB gGkt ftu n;bh g;sktK gkgs eoD bJh ukjd BjhA ;h. ft;Eko bJh nkgD /
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                                         jkB gftosh nkgD g;sktK eM fJe gkrb j iK nftnktjkfoe nkGk fddk j. Tj fJe
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                                         poorhouse edh swkw NghnK fvikfJfBr d fpBK fvikfJB BjhA ;edk fJ; soK TBKB /
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                                         fJe uBkth gDkbh wsdkB pke; d ;og dh :iBk pDk fpBK fvikfJB ;edk BjhA.
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                                 fJe Bshi d og pAEw dk ew nXok ofj d eJh j s pjs eM gek;fas fwb frnk. fJ; brksko Btf;o /
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                                 wbgkm dk nyvsk nkgD ;funk i n;bh gKvfbfg ‘s T;d TABh;thA Pskpdh d ;gkde bowring dnkok
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                                 gek;fas ew ƒ gVd ;wK ;gPN j frnk dh ;EkgBk bJh wPeb pDk fdsk. fJe jo ;pXs ;wf;nk pAEw
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                                 dh wb ftukoK ƒ T;d nB:kfJ j, i fe Tj ebgBk dh pjs bJh T;dk Bkw T¤m d TBK beK tbA ;wMdko
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                                 ftu efmBkJh jdh ;h.
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                                 p/AEw 6 i{B 1832 T[¤s/ w''s j' rJh.
                                 9H2 T[g:'rsktkd d/ wsbZp  (Meaning of Utilitarianism)
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                                 ;funk d fJe ;eb d og ftu Tg:rsktkd TABh;thA d ftueko ftu nmkojtA ;dh d ftueko tbA fjdh
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                                 okiBhse ;u dk gGst j. eM noG dk utillitarianas d coKf;; hutcheson (1694^1746), fjTw
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                                 helvetius, triestly, ftfbnw paley (1743^1805) ns beccaria ;B. bfeB fJj pAEw i ftt;fEs
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                                 fJ;d f;XKs jmK oyh j, ns fJ;ƒ beK ƒ fgnkok^;Xko bJh TBK dh nDfrDs g;sktK d nkXko T¤s /
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