Page 212 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^9L i/o/wh p/AEw{/

B'N
Z
Z
?
[
'
/
/
Z
'
pDkfJnk frnk ;h. pAEw dh :rsk, f;XKs ftu BjhA j, bfeB fJj T;dh iodko nktdB tyok fttjkoe
/
Z
;wf;nktK bJh ftu Pkfwb.
i/µ; fwb d/ wkfXnw tb'A, p/AEw Ekw; wkbE; (1766^1834) ns/ v/ftv foekovK (1772^1838) d/ Bkb
/
/
'
µ
µ
{
Z
xfBPm ;pX Pk;soh noEPk;sohnK d ftukoK d Bkb tke| j ojh ftef;s ehsh j. fJ; ;wj ftu
?
{
µ
/
/
{
Z
;kwje og tbA nkgD nkg d og ftu dkoPBe eD, fJe nkXfBe, fbpob, besfoe, ;ftXkBe,
'
'
[
{
Z
µ
XowfBogZy ns pkIko oki ftZu fJrbAv ƒ pdbB d/ TdP d Bkb ;NkfJb. Tg:rsktkd interchange-
[
/
[
'
?
/
µ
/
µ
/
/
q
Z
/
/
ably dkoPBe nshtkd, ftneshtkd, j;seyg BjhA faire ns gpXeh ftBkPtkd d Bkb fJ;swkb ehsk
frnk ;h.
i' T[ABh;thA ;dh Go ftZu d[Bhnk ftZu ;Gs'A T[¤u n''d:'rhfeqs d/P ;h, e/tb fJµrb?Av
[
Z
ftu, Tdkotkd T¤s fJe tko fJe okPNoh doPB ns fJe okPNoh Bhsh dh jkbs ƒ
Z
/
Z
/
[
Z
Z
'
Z
Z
[
/
{
/
gkgs ehsk ;h. fJE, wkoe;tkd dnkok goD TAwhd d ftgohs, fJj f;XKsA fJe
[
q
/
[
nodbh ns PKshgoB ;eowD d bJh, gfjbh tko d Td:r ns wZX tor d /
/
/
{
'
/
µ
enfranchisement bJh ;kok nikdh gdkB ehsh rJh ns UVe enfranchisement
/
q
/
/
/
/
[
Q
'
µ
[
/
Pofwe tor ns Td:r d ;p; rGho ysohnK d fybkc TBK d fjckIs d bJh. fJj
/
Z
;Gt jfJnk feTAfe fJrbAv ftu ;kwkie ns nkoEe torK d ftu doko fpbeb
Z
[
/
Z
?
'
/
µ
[
µ
'
Z
/
/
/
okiBhse dbK d ftu bkfJBK d Bkb ed BjhA jJh. idA T;dh nkoEe f;XKsA ftu
Z
'
Z
'
[
/
{
/
/
/
'
'
Z
'
ftPP og tbA ;gPN og tbA Td:rgshnK, d fjs d soiwkBh th fJ;d gfjbK
{
[
Z
{
µ
Z
'
Z
/
[
Z
Z
[
gVkn ftu j, fJokdk ftu fjdh Tdkotkd ftu xN tbA xN jwPk go okPNoh ;wdkJ /
?
/
Z
[
µ
'
Z
/
/
Z
d fJe fij urh dk fJe f;XKs ;h HH. fJj dkoPBe i ibdh Tdkotkd ns fJ;bJh
Z
'
/
'
/
'
Z
/
/
fJ;d gorokw dh pfXe ;ouBk TgbpX eokJ rJ eD, sd th, ;h.
'
µ
[
Z
Z
[
µ
/
'
Tg:rsktkd dk wb nkXko ;h fe wBy d fJe fB:w d og ftu wr dh fe fJeb yPh nSk ;h, ns Tj
{
[
{
[
Z
Z
/
[
/
/
Z
etb mhe ekotkJh ehsh ;h yPhnK, i fe ;GsA tvh frDsh dh ;GsA tvh yPh dk TsgkdB ehsk. pAEw
'
[
Z
Z
[
'
'
/
Z
/
[
{
'
/
/
ns/ utilitarians :BkBh ftukoe epicures, i nkdwhnK ed ed yPh d nebwdh tbA ns dih tko
µ
/
{
/
[
'
unwisely ngBkJh fe fejk frnk ;h d ftukoK ƒ djokfJnk.
/
[
[
[
/
Z
/
/
Z
/
µ
[
q
Z
pAEw d jEK ftu, ;y^dod f;XKs oki, eb :kD TgokbhnK ehsh ns gpXeh, ;ik ns ftXkJh ;XkoK
Z
Z
Z
bJh BhshnK ƒ bkr{ ehsk ik eoD bJh fJe ftfrnkBh f;XKs ftef;s ehsk. Tj okiBhsh, BjhA wsbp
[
/
/
/
ftu okiBhse ;sk dh rshPhbsk ƒ ;wMD ehsh, bfeB ƒ pVktk dD ns ekƒB ns BhshnK d wkfXnw
/
Z
Z
/
Z
'
tbA nkdwhnK dk ;y jk;b eoD dh nk; ftu dk fJe ftfrnkB bJh machiabelli dh fusk ;KMk.
µ
Z
[
Z
'
/
Z
{
µ
Z
'
[
/
[
/
Z
Tg:rsktkd fJe wBftfrnkBe gfog/y fJj wBy d ;y d iht d og ftu wfBnk iKdk j? bJh wBy
[
[
Z
[
/
q
[
edos T¤s gdkB ehsh. Tg:frsk, pAEw ns TBK d nB:kkfJ:A d wkBdv dk tos eo ;oeko ns sKfe
'
/
/
'
/
[
[
[
/
/
'
Q
µ
/
Z
µ
[
Z
Z
'
[
Z
ty^ty ;y ƒ nfXesw eoD bJh ekƒBh ;;EktK d gBormB fJSs. fJ; gfoehnk ftu, Tj bkIwh bV
[
q
[
/
µ
[
Q
'
[
/
ekƒB TBKƒ pDkTD d ;Xko ns ;y d ;kXBK, ;ese PpdK ftu pdbBk eoD bJh nfj;k; jfJnk.
Z
/
[
/
[
Q
/
/
/
?
[
pAEw ftPtk; j fe TBK d Tg:rsktkdh f;XKs ekƒB dk nkXko j ;edk ;h. fJe fpdh T¤s, TBKB th
/
'
Z
µ
[
Z
Q
[
'
/
ftfrnkfgs Tj fe; th dP bJh ekƒB dk fJe BtK ev ‘s Xosh T¤s, ftftX ;K;feshe s wBftfrnkBe
Z
[
q
/
'
[
/
/
'
/
µ
Z
/
Z
Z
/
;doGK d gko eND ;fenk fe nkeoPs. f;XKsA dh fBshesk ns ekƒB bJh fJe ikD gfjukD ftu, pAEw
Z
/
'
205
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY