Page 65 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N no;s ftfrnkBh ;u ns nB;XkB dk gpX ehsk fi;d bJh Tj n¤i dh ;GsA wPjo ;h. tk;st ft¤u,
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no;s ihtB d ;GsA edosh ftfrnkB dhnK t;sK dk gVkJh eoD bJh ;wofgs ehsk frnk ;h. no;s {
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nfXnkswtkd frDsh dh edos T¤E fN¤gDhnK Pkfwb j, bfeB Tj fj;kp bJh eJh wb :rdkB jh
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fd¤sk. pjojkb, TBK B nkgDk ihtB dkB ehsk, edosh ftfrnkB, TdkjoD d bJh, pB;gsh ftfrnkB,
gkDh Pk;so, Gsheh, yrb ftfrnkB, o;kfJD ftfrnkB, w;w ftfrnkB ns eJh jo ftfrnkBK ft¤u
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fi;dh gVkJh w{b nB[;µXkB eod/ jB.
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ftfrnkB T¤E no;s d fbykJh ek|h j¤d s¤e rDkswe, wksoksfwe d og ft¤u eoD dk ftoX ehsk j.
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Ponks 16 thnK ;dh ft¤u, ftfrnkBhnK B Gfse ftfrnkB d fj;kp ƒ bkr eoDk Po eo fd¤sk ns /
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no;s d fJ; yso ft¤u po ew eoe EVh ;¤wfMnk ;h. TBK dh n;cbsktK ƒ t¤v gwkB T¤s ftnesh
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io tr ns skgwkB dh soK ntXkoDktK d nDjAd dh tik tbA ;B. Tj o|sko ns skgwkB dh fJ¤e
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ntXkoDk j, bfeB TBK ftuA eJh wksoksfwe ;¤wM j, i Goke og tbA ehsk frnk ;h xVhnK ns /
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EowkwhNo dh soK pfBnkdh g:rkswe ;w¤rohnK dh nDjAd dh tik tbA ;h.
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TBK dh fbykJh eJh ftfrnkfBe fN¤gDhnK, n;kwkfJe ;Nhesk ns ftnkeb soNhnK d fwPoD d fJ¤e
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yKd jJ gdkB eod jB. TdkjoD d bJh, Tj gP d nkgD fJsjk; ft¤u dkntk ehsk j fe wB¤y goPK
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ft¤u nosK dh sbDk ft¤u fInkdk dd jd jB. fJ; soK dh fJ¤e B; ft¤u, ikB |hbgB¤; ns pknd
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ft¤u rfbfb:, ;ob g:rK tbA gsk ubk j fe no;s f;XKs j fe fJ¤e Gkoh uhI fJ¤e bkfJNo uhI tbA '
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Ssh fv¤r iKdk j fJj rbs j. di t¤b, no;s B vweohN¤; d dkt dk yvB ehsk j fe Tj nekP^rrk
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pDkfJnk frnk ;h TBK f;skohnK i ;oi dhnK feoBK tbA Xosh dnkok SkfJnKfes j, pkjo d t¤b
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fJPkok eod jJ (mhe, Gb jh fJ; soK d dbhb bJh fJ¤e bp ;wK bJh poyk;s eo fd¤sk ikDk jh ;h)
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fe, fd¤sk widk yrbh gfcbk;|hK fe ;oi d ;og ehsh j fe Xosh ns Xosh tbA f;skohnK dh doh eJh
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tko ;oi dh sbDk ft¤u fInkdk tbA fInkdk j, fco HHH ;ko f;skohnK T¤E ;oi uwedk j ns Xosh TBK Q
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ftuA eJh th ;eohB j.
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;EkBK ft¤u, no;s ;ob iKu^gVskb ns fInkdk tXke ekoB tbA pfjwv d ekƒB gkTD ft¤u pjs do
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ubk iKdk j. n¤i dh ftfrnkBh Yr wkBsk j fe ngGkth ft¤u ;wo¤E sE:A d fpBK nfijh ;u ‘s fe
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;¤wMdko fJ¤e goebgBk dh tXsk j fe sbDk ft¤u fes fInkdk emo g:r dh bV j no;s i nkgD /
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ekƒBK dk ;woEB eoD bJh fJ;swkb ehsk.
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no;s th e¤M ftfrnkBh nBK ;gkN ;h. Tj fJ¤e GeAdohJ pwKv ftfrnkB posited j fe n;h
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nfXnkswtkd d ;rfj ft¤u ftuko eo ;ed jK, i ftnkge og tbA 16 thnK ;dh s¤e ;theko ehsk
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frnk ;h. 3 ;dh tbA 16 thnK ;dh d bJh, gw¤y fdP dk gpX ehsk j fe Xosh pfjwv d eAdo
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(geocentrism) ;h.
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jkbKfe Tj PkfJd dkoPfBe ;Gd dokB ns gBoikroD d pknd :ogh ftukoeK dnkok ;BwkB fJ;
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ftukoeK ƒ ne;o no;s rbs gdK d og ft¤u fd¤sk j, i fJ; :¤r ft¤u ftfrnkB dk gpX ehsk.
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jkbKfe, no;s ftfrnkBh ewhnK ƒ eJh ftfrnkBh ysoK ft¤u nkgD wjkB nrfow G¤b ft¤u fJ¤e ƒ
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rwokj BjhA eoDk ukjhdk j. TdkjoD d bJh, Tj fJ¤e o;wh ftfrnkB d og ft¤u dbhb dh ;EkgBk
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ehsh ns iht ftfrnkB bJh BhAj j fe d ;dhnK bJh BjhA w¤bhnk frnk pDkfJnk. fJ;d fJbktk, Tj
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