Page 172 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
d/ bJh u[D/ ikD dh :'rsk oydk j?. ;zxh gfoPd dk w?Apo fBotkfus j' ;edk j?. fJ;dk noE fJj j'fJnk BØN
fe XowkfXekBh (Clergy) ;zxh gfoPd d/ w?Apo BjhA j' ;ed/ feT[Afe T[BQK d/ bJh okPNoh gfoPd dh
w?ApofPg tofis j?. 1914 JhH ftu fJe ekBz{B d[nkok fJj pzXB brk fdsk iKdk j? fe d' fBen ;zpzXh
;zxh gfoPd d/ w?Apo BjhA j' ;ed/ ns/ Bk sK ;zxh gfoPd d/ fBeN ;zpzX fe;/ nfij/ gd T[s/ fB:[es
ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB i' fe ;zxh gfoPd d/ nXhB j'D. ;zftXkB gfoPd dh Xkok 97 d/ nB[;ko fJj gqshpzX
brk fdZsk frnk j? fe ;zxh gfoPd d/ w?Apo okiwzvb ns/ fe;/ e?ANB d/ nzsors j'o e'Jh gd rqfjB BjhA
eo ;ed/ Bk s/ T[j e'Jh j'o ezw jh eo ;ed/ jB. Gkt/A ;zftXkB ftu nfijk e'Jh gqktXkB BjhA j?. fco
th ;zxh gfoPd d/ bJh fInkdkso nkgD/ w?ApoK ftu'A jh fBotkuB eodh j?. gozs{ Xkok 97 d[nkok brkJ/
rJ/ gqshpzX d/ nB[;ko ;zxh gfoPd d/ w?Apo u[D/ ikD T[s/ T[BQK Bz{ ;zxh ;Gk dh w?ApofPg s'A gd fsnkr
eoBk g?Adk j?. gozs{ ftntjkos w?ApoK dk :'r Pk;B j'Dk io{oh j?. T[BQK Bz{ nB[Gth :'r ns/ fBgz[B j'Dk
ukjhdk j?. T[BQK ftu gko;gfoe wsG/dk Bz{ ;wM"s/ d[nkok ;[bMkT[D dh :'rsk j'Dh ukjhdh j?. T[BQK ftu
gqPk;fBe :'rsk Pq/Pm wkBf;e Pesh p[ZXh u?sfBn, ftntjko–e[Pbsk, PKs ;[Gk nkfd r[DK dk j'Dk io{oh
j? fJBQK r[DK dh io{os d/ ekoB jh fInkdkso w?Apo nfij/ j[zd/ jB. i' ;zxh ;Gk ns/ e?ANB d/ ftXkB
e'fvzr
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wzvb d/ w?Apo ns/ e?ANB iK okiwzvb d/ e'Jh T[ZunfXekoh ofj u[e/ jB ns/ ekch dhoxekb se. e'fvzre'fvzr
dk efjDk j? fe ;ftNiob?Av ftu gd–rqfjD eoB d/ bJh fe;/ ftnesh ftu fBwosk (Modesty) dk
r[D j'Dk io{oh j? ftneshrs r[DK ns/ ;/tk d/ cb;o{g jh ;zxh gfoPd dh w?ApofPg Bz{ gqkgs eo ;edk
j?.
;zxh gfoPd dh w?ApofPg d/ bJh t?fXe :'rsktK d/ nbktk nB/e gozgoktK dk ftek; j'fJnk j?. fi;dk
gkbB gkoPd d/ fBotkuB d/ ;zpzX ftu pj[s ;ysh Bkb ehsk iKdk j?. T[BQK ftu j/m fbyhnK gozgoktK
T[b/yBh jB – (1) ;zxh gfoPd dh w?ApofPg ;zx ftu G"r'fbe Pesh d/ e/AdoheoD Bz{ nfGftnes eodh
j?. gozgok d[nkok fJj g{ot fBPfus j? fe ;G s'A tZv/ e?ANb poB ns/ fiT[ou Bz{ gfoPd ftu nt~P
jh gqshfBXhst gqkgs j't/rk. (2) GkPkrs x~NfrDsh Bz{ gqshfBXhst d/D d/ ftuko BKb fJj gozgok pD
rJh j? fe gzi s'A fInkdk gkoPd iowB–GkPh y/so s'A BjhA nkDr/. (3) ekBz{B d/ nGkt ftu th ;zxh
gfoPd ftu d/P d/ ;ko/ gqw[Zy okiBhfse dbK Bz{ T[BQk dh Pesh d/ nB[gks s'A gqshfBXhst gqkgs j[zdk
j?. (4) ;zxh gfoPd ftu T[j ftnesh jh u[D/ iKd/ jB fiBQK Bz{ ;kotifBe ekoiK dk gfonkgs nB[Gt
j't/.,okPNoh gfoPdK dk fJZSkB[e{b w[V fBotkuB j[zdk j?. fInkdkso gkoPd d' fszB ntXhnK se w?Apo
pD/ ofjzd/ jB.
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sBykj L
sBykj L
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tkb/ w?ApoK Bz{ fBftos–sBykj (Pention) fdZsk iKdk j? pPos/ fe T[j d; ;kb se gkoPd ofj u[e/ j'D.
fBftosh sBykj dk 40 s'A 60 gqshPs j[zdk j?. gkoPdK dh sBykj j'o d/PK d/ wzsohnK dh T[g/ePk pj[s
jh xN j? ns/ T[j pj[s ;kdrh Bkb ofjzd/ jB.
gqPk;eh ftGkr L
gqPk;eh ftGkr L
gqPk;eh ftGkr L
gqPk;eh ftGkr L ;ftNiob?Av ftu gqPk;B d/ ;ko/ ezw Bz{ 7 ftGkrK ftu tzv fdZsk frnk j?. jo/
gqPk;eh ftGkr L
e ftGkr ftu fJe ;zxh gfoPd d/ nXhB j[zdk j?. i' T[;d/ ekoi;zukbB d/ bJh ;ko/ gfoPd d/ gqsh fizw/
tko j[zdk j?. fJe ftGkr d/ gqw[Zy dh n;t;Ek iK r?ojkIoh ftu ezw eoB d/ bJh jo/e ftGkr dk gqw[Zy
d{i/ ftGkr dk T[g–gqw[Zy j[zdk j?, ;zg{oB gqPk;B d/ bJh ;w{je o{g Bkb fizw/tko (Collectively
responsible) j[zdk j?, gozs{ fjT{i d/ ftuko Bkb fJj Gowkswe j? fe ;zxh gfoPd dk ;w{je o{g ftu
(Corporate body) fe; jd se j'Ad j?. fInkdk fJjh fejk iKdk j? fe ;ftNiob?Av ftu ;Zs ekoiekoDh
w?Apo (Federal Councillors) jB gozs{ e'Jh ekoiekoDh gfoPd (Federal council) BjhA. toswkB
ekb ftu j/m fbyhnK 7 gqPk;eh ftGkr (Administrative Departments) fiBQK dh tzv nw/foek d/
;wkB ftXkfJeh nfXfBnw Bkb BjhA pbfe cqK; tork ekoigkfbek ftfBw/n Bkb j'fJnk j?–

(1) okiBhfse ftGkr (Political Department)
(2) rqfj ftGkr (Department of Inerior)
(3) fBnK ns/ g[fb; ftGkr (Department of Justice and Police)

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