Page 215 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN d/ Xoksb T[s/, tkggzEh ns/ d~yD gzEh dbK d/ rmpzXB nkg; ftu ;wM"sk eoe/ pj[s xZN t'N
gkt[D tkb/ T[whdtkoK Bz{ p?m iKD d/ bJh fsnko eo b?Ad/ jB sKfe d' ;G s'A pbPkbh T[whdtkoK
ftu f;~Xk w[ekpbk eokfJnk ik ;e/.
• ;hB/N d/ 321 w?Apo fJe fBotkue rD (Electoral College) d/ d[nkok ngqs~y o{g s'A u[D/ iKd/ jB.
• B?PBb n;?Apbh nkgDk ekoi S/ t~vh–t~vh feqfsnkswe ;EkJh ;whshnK (Functinoal Standing
Committees) d/ wkfXnw Bkb eodh j? fiBQK ftu 61–61 iK 121–121 w?Apo j[zd/ jB. fJj ;dB
;z;d d/ d'BK ;dBK ftu fInkdk PeshPkbh j?. fJjh ;dB ;G s'A gfjbK ;kbkBk piN dh iKu eodk
j?. gqXkB wzsoh fJ;/ ;dB ftu'A u[fDnk iKdk j?.
• d;zpo 1993 d/ ;zftXkB d/ nzsors o{g ftu ;zxh rDoki (Federal Republic) dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh
j?.

• Pk;B gqDkbh d/ gZXo T[s/ fJE/ okPNogsh gqDkbh (Presidential System) ns/ ;z;dh gqDkbh
(Parliamentary System) dk fwPqD fsnko eoB dk isB ehsk frnk j?. okPNogsh gqDkbh dh
soQK fJE/ fJe PeshPkbh okPNogsh (President) dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j?, ns/ ;z;dh gqDkbh
dh soQK fJE/ fJe PeshPkbh ;z;d (Parliament) dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j? fi; Bz{ ;zxh ;Gk
(Federal Assembly) fejk iKdk j?l okPNogsh oki dk w[yh (Head of State) j? i' f;~X/ iB;kXkoD
d/ d[nkok uko ;kb d/ bJh u[fDnk iKdk j?, T[; Bz{ brksko d' tko s'A n~r/ BjhA u[fDnk ik ;edk.
T[j ;zftXkB dk ;ozfyne j?, ns/ ;Pso ;?BktK dk ;otT[Zu ;?Bkgsh (Supreme Commander
of the Armed Forces) th j?.

• okPNogsh fJe nzsozr wzsoh wzvb (Kitchen Cabinet) dh ;bkj Bkb ekoi eodk j? fi; ftu
T[;d/ ftPt;s fw~so ns/ T[Zu nfXekoh Pkwb j[zd/ jB. wzsoh wzvb Bz{ ;~sk ftu ofjD d/ bJh
;z;d dk ftPtk; gqkgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

• okPNogsh nkfrngshnK (Decrees) ikoh eo ;edk j? i' ekBz{B dh soQK wkBsk tkbk jz[dk j?. gozs{ fJj
nkfrngshnK gqufbs ekBz{B d/ fto[ZX BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh. fco ;z;d fJBQK Bz{ fBo;s th eo ;edh j?.
d{i/ gk;/, okPNogsh th ;z;d d[nkok gkfos ftX/ne (Bill) Bz{ ekBz{B pDB s'A o'e ;edk j?.

• d/P dh o~fynk (Defence) dh fizw/tkoh ;zGkbD bJh okPNogsh ;[o~fynk–gfoPd (Security
Council) fB:[es eodk j? fi;dk w[yh T[j nkg j[zdk j?. T[j e/Adoh p?Ae (Central Bank) d/ w[yh
(Chairperson), wjk–nfG:'ie (Prosecutor General) ns/ fBnKgkfbek (Judiciary) d/ gqw[~y
w?ApoK dh fB:[esh dk gq;skt ;z;d d/ e'b G/idk j?.

• okPNogsh dk T[whdtko x~N s'A xZN d; b~y wsdksktK d/ d[nkok wB'Bhs j'Dk ukjhdkl fJBQK ftu'A
fe;/ fJe nzub (Region) iK rDoki (Republic) d/ wsdksktK dh ;zfynk e[b ;zfynk dh 7 gqshPs
s'A fInkdk BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh.

• o{; ftu ftXkfJek (Legislature) d/ ezw ;zxh ;Gk (Federal Assembly) Bz{ ;"Ag/ rJ/ jB. fJ;
ftu d' ;dB (Chambers) oy/ rJ/ jB. nt;o ;dB (Lower House) Bz{ ;N/N fvT[wk fejk iKdk
j?. fJ; ftu 450 w?ApoK dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j?.

• uhBh rDszso dk ;zftXkB ;z;dh ;otT[Zusk d/ f;XKs T[s/ nkXkfos j?. fJj PeshnK d/ nbr–
nbr d/ f;XKs Bz{ n;thfeqs eodk j?. ;' uhBh ;zftXkB ftu fpqfNP ns/ ;'thns ;z;dK dh soQK
;otT[Zu ftXkfJek ;zx dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. fJ; Bz{ okPNoh iB–eKro; efjzd/ jB.
• okPNoh iBeKro; fJe;dkBswe ;Gk j?. gozgokrs gqiksKsfoe g~Xsh d/ gqshe{b fJ; ftu e/
tb fJe ;dB j?, Gkt/A uhB fJe pj[okPNoh oki j?, gozs{ okPNohnsk Bz{ gqshfBXhst gqdkB eoB
d/ bJh d{i/ ;dB dh ftnt;Ek BjhA ehsh rJh j?.

210 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY