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fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
• Bt/A ;zftXkB ftu okPNoh iBeKro; d/ w?ApoK dh ;zfynk fBPfus BjhA ehsh rJh j?. fJ;d/ w?ApoK BØN
dh ;zfynk ekBz{B d[nkok fBPfus ehsh iKdh j?. 1954 JhH d/ ;zftXkB ftu th nfijh ftnt;Ek
;h. S/thA okPNoh eKro; (6 i{B, 1983) ftu w?ApoK dh ;zfynk 2,978 ;h. fJ;d/ w?ApoK dk
fBotkuB gqKsK, ;tkfJsPk;h y/soK, e/Ado Pkf;s Bro gkfbektK ns/ iBw[esh ;?Bk (People's
Liberation Army) d/ d[nkok j[zdk j?. fJj 56 okPNo ikshnK dk gqshfBXhst eodh j?. fJ; ftu
75 gqshPs gqshfBXh wid{o, fe;kB ns/ ;?fBe jB.
• ;zftXkB dh Xkok 17 ftu okPNoh iB eKro; dh PeshnK ns/ ekoiK dh uouk ehsh rJh j?. fJ;Bz{
;zftXkB ftu ;zP'XB fbnkT[D, ekBz{B pDkT[D, ;kfwnktkdh db dh e/Adoh ;whsh dh f;ckoP T[s/
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ okigfoPd d/ w?ApoK dh fB:[esh eoB ns/ poyk;s eoB, okPNoh nkofEe :'iBk,
okPNoh piN ns/ okieh b/y/–i'y/ Bz{ ;thfeqs eoB ns/ j'o T[BQK nfXekoK ns/ feqsK d/ gq:'r dk
nfXeko j?, fiBQK Bz{ fJj io{o ;wM/. fJ;d/ nbktk, ;zftXkB d/ j'o T[gpzXK d[nkok th e[M nfXeko
gqkgs jB. Xkok 18 fJ; Bz{ ;EkJh ;whsh d/ w[yh, T[gw[yh ns/ w?ApoK Bz{ u[DB ns/ gdfuT[s eoB
dk nfXeko fdzdh j?, Xkok 16 okigfoPd Bz{ fJ;d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh pDkT[Adh j?, fJ; ns/ Xkok 25
;otT[Zu iB fBnKfbnk B{z fJ;d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh pDkT[Adh j?.
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P (Keywords)
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P
nfXBkfJe szso L skBkPkjh ftt;Ek
gkob/wk L cq?Au GkPk dk Ppd j? fi;dk noE j?^ tkd fttkd iK ftuko ftwoP eoD tkbh ;Gk
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
1H fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB dh ftnkfynk eo'.
2H nwoheh eKro; dhnK PeshnK dk ftt/uB eo'.
3H “;ft; ;zxh ;Gk ft~u ;G gqeko dhnK PeshnK jB^ ftXkJh, gqPk;eh ns/ fBnkfJe.@
;whfynk eo'.
4H gzuw rDszso ft~u cqK;h;h ;z;d d/ d'jK ;dBK d/ ;zpzXK dkl ftt/uB eo'.
5H ofPnk rDszso dh ;z;dh PeshnK T[Zs/ ;zy/g fN~gDh fby’.
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
1H iBob ukob; fd rkb 2H 1959 s'A 1969 3H 1993
4H T[~u iK d{ik ;dB 5H bx{ ftXkB wzvb
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
p[e; 1H s[bBkswe Pk;B ns/ okiBhsh^vkH phoe/Pto gq;kd f;zx, frnkB dk gqekPB
(ghH n?Av vhH) 24, dfonkrzi, nz;koh o'v, fd~bh.
2H s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh o{go/yk^Uw gqekP rkpk, w:{o g/go p?e;, B'J/vk.
3H s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ okiBhfse ;z;EktK^;hH phH r/Bk ftek; gpfbfPzr jkT{;
gqkH fbH nz;koh o'v, fd~bh.
4H s[bBkswe okiBhsh^i/H ;hH i'joh, ;Nofbzr gpfbPoI gqkH fbH fd~bh.
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 211
