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fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
j?, gqshfBXhst d/ fdqPNhe'D Bkb dpkn–;w{j dk wjs~t tX iKdk j?. fJj efjDk rbs BjhA j'J/rk fe BØN
fInkdkso ftneshnK d/ bJh dpkn–;w{j jh ;Zuk gqshfBXh dk ezw eod/ jB.
fJj ;gPN j? fe nwfoek ftu dpkn–;w{jK dk gqGkt fe;h d/P s'A finkdk j? T[BQK Bz{ ‘nfdqP ;woki’
efjDk rbs Bjh j'J/rk. nZi T[BQk gqGkt fJzBk tX frnk j fe T[BQK B/ t?XkfBe skB/–pkB/ ftu ;hfws
ns/ fBnzfsqs eoB dh :'iBK th pDkJh ik ojh j?.
cqK; ftu dpkn ;w{j
cqK; ftu dpkn ;w{j
cqK; ftu dpkn ;w{j
cqK; ftu dpkn ;w{j (Pressure grups in France)
cqK; ftu dpkn ;w{j
dpkt–;w{j dk fizBk gqGkt nw/foek, fpqN/B iK Gkos ftu j? T[ABk cqK; ftu BjhA j?. feT[Afe Pk;B–Pesh
ftnt;Ekfgek d/ nKub s'A fBeb e/ ekoigkfbnek d/ j~E ftu ubh rJh j? fJ;bJh dpkn–;w{j dk gqGkt
caqK; ftu xZN j' frnk j?. fco th nfijh rb BjhA j? fe cqK; ftu dpkn–;w{j ysw j' frnk j?. T[;dh
wjZstg{oB j'Ad cqK; ftu j[D th j?.
cqK; ftu nZi th pj[s ;ko/ ;zrmB dk gqG[st ekfJw j?. T[dkjoD bJh cqK; ftu tZvh tgkoe ;z;EktK
(Large Business Concerns), Confederation Nationable du Patronat Francais (C.N.P.F.)
ftu w[Zy o{g s'A ;zrms jB fi; T[s/ pj[s t~vh N?e;NkJhb, ;Nhb n/s e?wheb cowK dk gqG[st ekfJw
j?. ;z:[es oki nw/foek d/ B?PBb n?;';hJ/PB nkc w?B[c?euo; (National Association of
Manufacturers) s'A fe;/ th wkwfbnK ftu cqK; d/ fJj ;zrmB ewI'o BjhA j?. fJBQK d/ gqGkt dh s[bBk
fJ; nwfoeh ;zrmB Bkb py{ph ehsh ik ;edh j?. C.N.P.F. dh Pkyk d/ o{g ftu S'N/ ftnt;kfJe
;z;EkB, ftnt;kfJe d[ekBdko nkfd ('Confederation General deg Petitest Mayenne Enterprises'
(P.M.E.) ftu ;zrfms jB. t?;/ fJj PkyktK g{oh soK ;tkfJsPk;h jB ns/ C.N.P.F. fJBQK ;z;EkBK T[s/
ftPt;s BjhA jB.

cqK; d/ fe;kB th fjs–;w{jK d/ o{g ftu ;zrms jB. T[BQK d/ ;~s soQK d/ fjs–;w{j jB. fJBQK ;~s soK
d/ fjs–;w{j dh u'Nh T[s/ c?vo/PB B?PBb v/; f;zvhe/N v[ n?e;gbkfJN?AN; n?rqhe'b; (Federation
National Des Syndicate du Exploitants Agricoles) (F.N.S.E.A.) j?. F.N.S.E.A. dh w?Apo
;zfynk bZyK ftu j?. fJBQK d/ fBPB/ j'o d/PK d/ fe;kB dpkn–;w{j dh soQK jh jB.
t?;/ d/fynk iKdk j? fe cqK; ftu Pqfwe–;zX (Labour Union) nzsoebfj s'A rqf;s jB, fco th T[BQK
dh rshftXhnK gozgokrs bkph Bz{ ;zukfbs eod/ jB ns/ T[BQK dh u'Nh T[s/ (Confederation General
du Travail) (C.C.T.) nt;fEs j?. fJ;d/ nbktk pj[s ;ko/ wjZstg{oB ;zx jB fi; ftu (The
Cotolic Confederatino Francias des Travaileurs Chretiens) (C.F.T.C.) ns/ ;wkitkdhnK d[nkok
;zukfbs brGr 4 bZy w?ApoK tkbk (Confederation General du Travail Force Overare (C.G.T.F.O.)
j?. jo fJe ;zx ;wkfie ;[ofynk d/ wkwb/ ftu nkgD/ ;zx d/ w?ApoK ns/ ;oekoh ftGkrK d/ ftu
wfXn;Esk dk ezw eodk j?. T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ PqfweK dk dpkn–;w{j, fvfNo:' ns/ gqPk;eK T[s/ fJe'
fijk gkfJnk iKdk j?. fco th cqK;h;h Pqfwek ;zxK Bz{ bkph dh rshftXhnK ftu fpqfNP ns/ nw/foeh
;zxK dh s[bBk ftu x~N ;cbsk fwbdh j?. cqK;h;h fjs–;w{j ftu gfotkoh ;zx ;wki efbnkDekoh
ftfdnkb/ ekoi d/ bJh :sBPhb ofjzd/ jB. fbfgb–;w{j th cqK; dk fJe dpkn–;w{j jh j? fi;dk
T[d/P g/Av{ ns/ fBih ftfdnkfbnK d/ bJh okiehJ/ ;jkfJsk gqkgs eoBk j?.

;t–w[bKeD
;t–w[bKeD
;t–w[bKeD
;t–w[bKeD
;t–w[bKeD (Self Assessment)
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the blanks)– )–)– )–
ykbh ;EkB Go' ( )–
ykbh ;EkB Go' (
ykbh ;EkB Go' (
ykbh ;EkB Go' (
1H fpqN/B d/ dpkn ;w{jK Bz{ d' torK ftu tzfvnk ik ;edk j? HHHHHHHHHHHHH ns/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHH.
2H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Bz{ d[pkok d' GkrK ftu tzfvnk ik ;edk j? – T[sgkdB ;w{j (Producer Group) ns/
T[gG'rsk ;w{j (Consumer Group).
3H ;G s'A gfjbK bkfpzr dh gqEk HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ftu nkozG j'Jh.
4H nw/foek ftu fjs ;w{j HHHHHHHHHHHHH dk o{g b? u[ek j?.
5H cqK; d/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH th fjs ;w{j d/ o{g ftu ;zrms jB.

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