Page 319 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
13H5 ;ko nzP
13H5 ;ko nzP
13H5 ;ko nzP
13H5 ;ko nzP (Summary)
BØN 13H5 ;ko nzP
• okiBhfse db gqikszso dh nkXkofPbk j?. d'tK ftu nfsnzs r{V/ ;zpzX jB. dbK d/ fpBk gqikszso
ihts BjhA ofj ;edk j?. T[BQK Bz{ “gqikszso dk gqkD” fejk iKdk j?. T[j Pk;B ftnt;Ek d/ fJe ftfGzB
nzr j?. T[BQK Bz{ ;oeko dk ‘u"Ek nzr’ (Fourth organ of the Government) fejk frnk j?.
• okiBhfse db dk noE BkrfoeK d/ nfij/ ;w{j Bkb j? i' ;kotifBe gqPBK d/ ftP/ ftu ;wkB
ftuko oydk j? ns/ okiBhfse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ezw eod/ j'J/ nkgDh ebfgs Bhsh Bz{ ft;sko
d/D d/ bJh Pk;B szso Bz{ j;srs eoBk ukj[zdk j't/.
• okiBhfse db gqikszso ftu f;fynk d/ ;kXB jB. fJj iBsk Bz{ ftfGzB gqeko Bkb okiBhfse f;fynk
gqdkB eod/ jB. fJj iBsk Bz{ ;kotifBe gqPBK ns/ ;wf;nktK d/ gqsh ikro{e ofjD dh f;fynk fdzd/
jB. okiBhfse db iBsk d/ ;Bw[y jo ;wf;nk d/ ftfGzB ns/ fto'Xh gfjb{nK Bz{ oyd/ jB fi; Bkb
iBsk Bz{ okiBhfse ;wf;nktK dk frnkB gqkgs j[zdk j?, T[BQK ftu okiBhfse u/sBk nkT[Adh j?, iBszso
dh ;cbsk d/ bJh fJe ;t;E ns/ u/sBPhb okiBhfse tksktoD dh io{os j?.
• okiBhfse db Pk;B d/ ftfGzB nzrK ft~u eVh dk ezw eod/ jB.;oeko nb~r^nb~r ftGkrK ft~u
tzvh ofjzdh j?. go ;zg{oD ;oeko fJ~e ;kt:t d/ ;wkB j?.fJ; bJh i/eo ftfGzB ftGkrK ft~u
;zs[bB ;Ekfgs Bk ehsk ikt/, sK Pk;B^:zso dk g[oIk g[oIk nb~r j' ikt/rk ns/ ;oeko ftcb
j' ikt/rh. okiBhfse db ftfGzB nzrK ft~u ;zs[bB ;Ekfgs eoD dk ;ot^T[Zsw ;kXB jB. ;z;dh
gqDkbh ft~u ftt;Ekfgek ns/ ekoigkfbek ft~u nfGzB ;zpzX ofjzdk j?, feUAfe d'jK d/ w?Apo fJ~e
jh db d/ nB[Pk;B ns/ ekoieqwK Bkb pzB/ j[zd/ jB. nfXnePkswe gqDkbh ft~u th dbK dk wj~st
fJ; noE ft~u ekch tX ikdk j?s, feUAfe ftfGzB Pk;B^nzrK dh g{oD fgqEesk Bz{ db ftt;Ek
Bkb jh d{o ehsk ik ;edk j?.
• okiBhfse db fpqfNP Pk;B–gqDkbh dh ftP/P p[fBnkd dk w{b nkXko j?. fJj efjDk rbs BjhA
j'J/rk fe fpqfNP ;zftXkB d/ ftek; ftu okiBhfse dbK dk th ;zrmB j'fJnk ns/ wskfXeko d/ gq;ko
d/ Bkb–Bkb fJj ;zrmB pj[s fInkdk ifNb, ;[fdqV ns/ nB[Pk;Bp~X j[zdk frnk. fpqfNP Pk;B dh
;z;dh ftP/PsktK d/ ;cb ;zukbB ftu okiBhfse dbK dk w[~y j~E j? nkw u'D, wzsohwzvb dk rmB ns/
ekoieoD, ;z;d dh ekotkjhnK dk ;zukbB, ;oekoh BhshnK dk fBoXkoD, iBsk dk Pk;B T[s/ fBnzsoD
nkfd ;z;dh ftP/PsktK dh nfGftnesh dbhJ/ ftnt;Ek d/ wkfXnw Bkb jh j[zdk j?. T[E/ wjkokDh dh
;oeko (Her Majesty's Government) db dh ;oeko j? ns/ fto'Xh db wjkokDh dk fto'Xh db (Her
Majesty's Opposition) j?. fJzrb?Av ftu okiBhfse dbK dk Gkt/A e'Jh t?XkfBe j'Ad BjhA j?. sd th
T[BQK d/ pr?o nzrq/Ih Pk;B ftnt;Ek dk ;kok ;o{g jh pdb ikJ/rk ns/ fJ;dh nB/e gozgoktK ns/
nfG;w/A BPN j' ikDrhnK.
• fpqfNP db gqEk dh ;G s'A gqw[~y ftP/Psk d' dbh ftt;Ek (Two party system) j?. fpqN/B ft~u
;dk d' db oj/ jB. id'A ed/ th shi/ db dk iBw j'fJnk j?, wsdksktK B/ u[Bkt ft~u fJ~e db
Bz{ ysw eo fd~sk j?. nkozG ft~u ‘fd_r{* ns/ ‘N'oh* fco nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db ns/ n~i eb
nB[dko db ns/ wId{o db jB.
• nwohek ft~u th d' dbh gqEk j?l go cqK; ft~u pj[^dbh ftt;Ek j?. fJ; dk fJj ekoD fJj j? fe
nzro/Ih ;gPN pj[ws tkbh ;oeko ns/ ftqfjs okiBhfse ns/ nkofEe nkXkoK T[Zs/ nt;fEs
okiBhfse dbK d/ g~y ft~u j?. iK sK ;kwtkdh db ns/ T[dko db fij/ S'N/ S'N/ db jB, gqzs{ Uj
BKwkso jh jB.

• fpqfNP db ftt;Ek dh d{ih ftP/Psk e/AdoheoD (Centeralization) j?. ;kok db T[Zgo s'A Bhu/
s~e fJ~e ;{so ft~u pzfBnk ofjzdk j?. db d/ B/sktK ns/ db d/ e/Ado T[Zs/ g{o/ db dk fB:zsoD
ofjzdk j?. fJ; d/ ftgohs nwohek ft~u fte/AdoheoD dbK dh ftP/Psk j?.

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