Page 315 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ns/ d/PGrsK B/ nkgD/ r[N pDkJ/ jB. ftnt;kfJe nkXko T[s/ soQK–soQK d/ r[NK dk fBowkD j'fJnk j?,
tehbK, vkeNoK ns/ f;fyneK d/ nkgD/–nkgD/ fjs–;w{j jB. fJ;h gqeko tgkohnK ns/ fe;kBK ftu
th soQK–soQK d/ r[N g?dk j' rJ/ jB. wid{o r[NK ftu sK nB/e fto'Xh r[NK B/ iBw fbnk j?. Pfjoh ns/
d/jksh fjsK dh o~fynk d/ bJh th r[NK dk fBowkD ehsk frnk j?. fJ; gqeko nZi nw/foek ftu nDfrDs
dpkn–;w{j gkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK dh ;zfynk fJzBh fInkdk j? fe T[BQK dh g{oh ;{uh fsnko eo gkT[Dk
w[Pfeb j?.
fco th tZv/ r[N–;w{j w[~y s"o s/ nkofEe fjsK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[j j'o th yk; eo tgko Bkb. fJBQK
dk ;zpzX ftfBowkD gfotjB, fpibh ns/ r?; dh ;/tktK, ydkBK ns/ e[M jd se eq:–fteq: ;/tk T[fd:'rK
ns/ feqPh Bkb ;zpzXs jB. E'V/ ftu, ftnt;kfJe tor wid{o ns/ y/sh Bkb ;zpzXs jB, gozs{ nkgD/
–nkgD/ nkofEe fjsK dh oZfynk d/ bJh tZv/ g?wkB/ T[s/ dpkn–;w{jK dh ;EkgBk ehs/ j'J/ jB. T[dkjoD
d/ bJh, feqPe dpkn–;w{jK ftu B?PBb r/i, nw/foeB c'ow fpT{o' c?vo/PB, ckowo;, n?i[e/PB n?Av
e'nkgo/fNt :[fBnB, NhB/AN; n?Av P/no ekgo; :[fBnB nkfd r[NK d/ Bkw fb~s/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJ;/ soQK
PqfweK d/ th nB/e ;zx iK r[N jB fiBQK ftu gqw[~y nw/foeB c?vo/PB nkc b/po, eKro; nkc d
fJzv;fNqnb nkor/BkJhi/PB ns/ ftfGzB o/b wid{o ;zrmB jB.
dpkn ;w{jK dk fJe d{ik tZvk tor d/PGrs ns/ ;wki;/th ;zrmBK dk j?L fit/A vkNo; nkc nw/foeB
fot'fbT{PB (Daughters of American Revolution), nw/foeB fbiz; (American Legions) t/NoB;
nkc ckoB tko; (Vetarns of Foreign Wars), ns/ B/th bhr (Navy League) nkfd. shik tor
;[Xkoe r[NK dk j?, fit/A thw/A; feqPfunB N/Ag/o/; :[fBnB (Women's Christian Temperature
Union), B?PBb f;ftbI ;oft;I (National Civil Services), fockow bhr (Reform League), bhr
nkc thw/A; t'No; (League of Women's Voters) nkfd.
fit/A fe T[go fejk ik u[ek j?, nw/foek ftu tZv/ ns/ S'N/ dpkn–;w{jK ns/ fjs–;w{jK dh ;zfynk
nDfrDs jB. T[BQK d/ ;[Gkn ns/ T[d/P fGzB–fGzB jB. T[j B?fse wkBt–efbnkD d/ T[d/P Bz{ b? e/
okiBhfse ns/ nkofEe fjsK dh gqkgsh d/ bJh ekfJw ehs/ rJ/ jB.
seBhe–
seBhe–nkws"o T[Zs/ ;ko/ d/PK ftu dpkn–;w{jK d[nkok ngDkJ/ rJ/ seBhe fJe ;wkB j[zd/ jB. fco
seBhe–
seBhe–
seBhe–
d/P, ekb ns/ gfo;fEshnK d/ nB[;ko T[j ftP/P gqeko dh seBhe th ngDkT[Ad/ jB. nw/foek ftu dpkn
;w{jK d[nkok ngDkJ/ rJ/ seBhe eJh gqeko d/ jB.
dpkn–– –– –;w{jK dk gfjbk seBheh fBotkuBK ftu fj~;k b? e/ d/P dh okiBhsh Bz{ gqGkfts eoBk j?, T[j
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D ftu ekoiPhb j' e/ Gkr b?Ad/ jB. nkgDh fJ~Sk d/ nB[;ko T[whdtkoK dh u'D eokT[Dk
ns/ T[BQK Bz{ fiskT[Dk T[BQK dk fJe w[~y ezw j?. nwfoek ftu fJj ekoi fJzBk ftnkge ns/ fJzBh ssgosk
Bkb ehsk iKdk j? fe fjs–;w{j fJj fuzsk BjhA eod/ fe T[BQK dk T[whdtko fogpfbeB j? iK v/w'eq/N.
T[whdtko fe;h th db dk j't/, fi; Bkb T[;dk fjs j't/, T[; Bz{ fjs–;w{j u'D ftu wdd eod/ jB.
T[whdtkoK B{z u'D ftu fiskT[Dk dpkn–;w{j dh w?Apo ;zfynk d/ ekoB fe;h th w?Apo B{z fiskT[D dh :'rsk
oydk j?, fi;dh jwdodh wid{oK d/ gqsh j't/. fBotkfus w?Apo nkws"o T[s/ ftP/P dpkn–;w{j d/ gqGkt
ftu ezw eod/ jB. nrbh u'D B{z th fXnkB ftu oy e/ T[; Bz{ nfijk eoBk g?Adk j?.
nwfoeh dpkn–;w{jK dk fJ; s'A th t~vk seBheh bkph (Lobby) fsnko eoBk j? bkph dh g~Xsh nwfoeh
Pk;B–ftnt;Ek dh ftP/P d/D j?. gfjb/ b"ph Ppd s'A fGqPNkuko, d[okrqfj, p/JhwkBh tor/ ntr[DK Bkb
Go/ j'J/ rzdrh d/ S'N/–S'N/ ;w{j iKd/ ;B, gozs{ j[D bkph nwfoeh Pk;B–g~Xsh dh fJe wkB ns/ ;BwkfBs
ftnt;Ek pD rJh j?. fJ; Bz{ j[D p[o/ fdqPNhe'D Bkb BjhA d/fynk iKdk j?. fJ; ftnt;Ek d/ nzsors
dpkn–;w{j nkgD/ J?izN; B{z XB d/ e/ okiXkBh ftu fJ; bJh S~v fdzd/ jB fe T[j T[BQK d/ fjsK d/
;ozfynD d/ bJh nKeV/ fsnko eoD ns/ gqshfBXhnK Bz{ eKro; ftu p'bD d/ bJh fsnko eoD, ns/
J/i/Av; Bz{ ‘bkfp;N’
J/i/Av; Bz{ ‘bkfp;N’
J/i/Av; Bz{ ‘bkfp;N’
gqshfBXhnK d/ p'bD d/ bJh ;kwrqh fsnko eoD. J/i/Av; Bz{ ‘bkfp;N’J/i/Av; Bz{ ‘bkfp;N’ (Lobbyst) fejk iKdk j?.
feT[Afe fInkdkso ftXkfJe p'bD d/ bJh nkg ;kwrqh i[NkT[D dk ePN BjhA T[mkT[Dk ukj[zd/ jB fJ; bJh
T[BQK d/ d[nkok bkfp;N dh ;jkfJsk bJh iKdh j?. Bt/A gqshfBXhnK Bz{ bkfp;N fybk–fgbk e/ ns/ j'o
;[ftXktK d/ e/ nkgD/ gZy ftu eoB dh fBozso e'fPP eod/ ofjzd/ jB. ;ko/ wjsZtg{oB r[N nkgDhnK

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