Page 324 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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s[bBkswe nfXn?B d[nkok n;hA okPNoh, d{i/ okPNoh ns/ nzsookPNoh okiBhshe ns/ okiBhse fttjko BØN
B{z uzrh soK ;wM ;ed/ jK. s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ d[nkok jh ;kB{z fJj gsk u~bdk j? fe fGzB fGzB ;wkiK
d/ b'eK dk okiBhse fttjko go;go fGzB feT[A j[zdk j?. fJj ;~Gt j? fe d' d/PK dhnK gfo;fEshnK fJ~e'
fijhnK j'D d/ pkti{d th okiBhse fefonk nb~r nb~r j't/. gqkuhB ekb ft~u nkw iBsk okiBhsh ft~u
e'Jh o{uh BjhA o~ydh ;h. go nkX[fBe :[~r ft~u iBsk fJ; ft~u o{uh b?AD b~r gJh j?. j[D okiBhsh e[M
b'eK ns/ ftP/P torK s~e jh ;hfws BjhA ofj rJh pbfe fJ; ft~u b~yK eo'VK b'e Gkr b?Ad/ jB. n~i
okiBhse rshftXhnK jo/e ftnesh B{z gqGkfts eod/ jB ns/ T[; B{z fJ~e ftP/P soK dk fttjko eoB
tk;s/ gq/fos eodh j?. fJ; bJh jo/e soK dh okiBhsh ftt;Ek ft~u nkw ftnesh ;XkoD s"o s/ o{uh
b?AD b~r fgnk j?.
jo/e ;wki ft~u nfGiBK (Elite) ns/ p[~XhihthnK dk ftP/P ;EkB j? BthA okiBhsh ftukoK dk gqubD,
gohePD ns/ w[~bKeD eoe/ okiBhse ihtB B{z BtK o{g fd~d/ jB ns/ okiBhse ;wki ft~u BthB ftukoK
Bz{ pVh fdqVsk Bkb ;Ekfgs eod/ jB T[j d{i/ d/PK dh okiBhsh dk pVh rfjokJh Bkb nfXn?B eod/ jB
ns/ T[jBK dh s[bBK nkgD/ d/P dh Pk;B ftt;Ek eoe/ fJj' fij/ ;[Mkn fd~d/ jB i' Pk;eK ns/ Pkf;sK
d/ fj~s ft~u j't/. fJ;/ soK p[~Xhihth okiBhsh fttjko ns/ d/P d/ wkor doPe s/ ;[u/se pD iKd/ jB.
go p[~Xhihth fJj ;G e[M s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B d[nkok jh gqkgs eo ;ed/ jB. okiBhsh dk
s[bBkswe nfXn?B ftd/PK ft~u ;?o^;gkN/ d/ pokpo j?.

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' s[bBkswe okiBhse nfXn?B nkw iBsk B{z fGzB^fGzB ;soK s/ j'D tkb/
okiBhshe xNBk u~eoK dk frnkB eotkT[Adk j? .

okiBhse ftt;EktK ns/ ;wkBsKtk ns/ fGzBsktK B{z ;wMDk
2 2 2 2 2. okiBhse ftt;EktK ns/ ;wkBsKtk ns/ fGzBsktK B{z ;wMDk okiBhse ftt;EktK ns/ ;wkBsKtk ns/ fGzBsktK B{z ;wMDk (To understand the similar-
okiBhse ftt;EktK ns/ ;wkBsKtk ns/ fGzBsktK B{z ;wMDk
okiBhse ftt;EktK ns/ ;wkBsKtk ns/ fGzBsktK B{z ;wMDk
ities and differences between political system)LL LL L fttjko ft~u okiBhse ;z;EKtk d/ Bkw fJ~e' fij/ j'D
d/ pkti{d th xo fJ~e fij/ BjhA j[zd/ T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ nwohek, coK; ns/ Gkos ft~u ekoi gqDkbh d/ w?Apo
B{z okPNogsh (President) efjzd/ jB go fJjBK fszBk d/PK ft~u BK sK ekoi gqDkbh fJ~e' fijh j? ns/ BK jh
fJjBK d/PK dh Pk;B gqDkbhnK fJ~e' fijhnK jB go okiBhse ;z;EktK d/ fJ; fttjkfoe o{g ;wMD bJh Pk;B
ns/ okiBhsh dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B eoBk pj[s io{oh j?. feT{pk ns/ uhB fJ~e' fijk db gkfJnk iKdk j?
ns/ T[j th ;kwtkdh db. fwPo ns/ sBikBhnK d/ ft~u th fJ~e dbhnk g~dsh gkJh iKdh j? ns/ okiBhse
ftt;EKtk dh ;wkBsKtk ns/ n;wkBsKtk B{z ;wMD bJh s[bBkswe nfXn?B pj[s io{oh j?.
fe;/ th okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ ;zdoG dk frnkB
fe;/ th okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ ;zdoG dk frnkB
fe;/ th okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ ;zdoG dk frnkB
3 3 3 3 3. fe;/ th okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ ;zdoG dk frnkB fe;/ th okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ ;zdoG dk frnkB (knowledge regarding contextual
elevants of any system)LL LL L Pk;B ns/ okiBhse s[bBkswe nfXn?B fe;h th okiBhse ftt;Ek Bz{
;wMD ft~u ;jkfJe f;~X j[zdh j?. T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ gqPB g?dk j[zdk j? fe feT[A ;z;dh Pk;B gqDkbh fJzrb?Av
dh ;oeko ft~u :EkfJst fbnk ;eh go coK; ft~u ;oekoK dh n;fEosk dk ekoB pDh< fpqN/B, nwohek,
nk;No/bhnk nkfd d/PK ft~u d' dbhJ/ gqDkbh feT[A j[zdh j? id'A fe Gkos ns/ cqK; nkfd d/PK ft~u pj[dbhJ/
gqDkbh j?. s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ nXko s/ n;hA efj ;ed/ jK fe cqK; dh s[bBk fJzrb?Av ft~u ;z;dh Pk;B
gqDkbh ;cb ojh. feT[Afe fJzrb?Av ft~u ;z;dh gqDkbh dk ftek; T[d:'rheoB s/ gfjbK j' u[~fenk ;h.
id'A fe cqK; ft~u ;z;dh Pk;B gqDkbh dk ftek; T[d:'rheoB d/ pknd j'fJnk.
okiBhsh gqDkbhnK d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bDk
okiBhsh gqDkbhnK d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bDk
4 4 4 4 4. okiBhsh gqDkbhnK d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bDk (Merits and Demerits of Politicals
okiBhsh gqDkbhnK d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bDk
okiBhsh gqDkbhnK d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bDk
System are Revealed)LL LL L Pk;B ns/ okiBhsh d/ s[bBkswe nfXn?B s/ ;kB{z t~y t~y okiBhse gqDkbhnK
d/ r[DK ns/ d'PK dk gsk u~bdk j?. s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ d[nkok jh gsk u~bdk j? fe nw[~e d/P ft~u nw[~e
Pk;B gdsh feT[A ;cb j? ns/ T[jBK d/ r[D fej' fij/ jB. T[dkjoD t~i'A fJzrb?Av ft~u ;z;dh Pk;B gqDkbh
;cb j? id'A fe Gkos ft~u T[ABh ;cb BjhA j?. s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ d[nkok gsk brkfJnk ik ;edk
j? fe fJzrb?Av ft~u ;z;dh Pk;B gqDkbh d/ ;cb j'D d/ eh ekoB jB ns/ Gkos ft~u n;cb j'D d/ eh

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