Page 327 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN bJh g~Swh g{zihtkd d/ ;wekbhB fj~s Bkb ;pzfXs nfXn?B j'J/, T[~E/ d{;o/ gk;/ ;[szsok gqkgs eoB tkb/
iBikshnK d/ nzd'bB, dfbs nzd'bB, S'NhnK ikshnK d/ nzd'bB, wfjbktK d/ nzd'bB, tksktoB d/ nzd'bB
tor/ b'e nzd'bBK B{z w[~y o~y e/ nfXn?B ehs/ rJ/. fJj nzd'bB g{zih d/ fj~s ns/ b'e j~eK d/ ft~u j'D
tkbh N~eo dk Bshik ;B. fJj noE ftt;Ek G{ wzvbh g{zih d/ :[~r ft~u nkT[D tkb/ T[dkotkd ns/ pdbkt
dk th gqshfpzp jB. fJ; soK s[bBkswe okiB?fse ftPb/;D ft~u nIkdh, tksktoD ikshgqEk fbzr, B;b
nkfd d/ Bt/A nfXnkfJ i[V/.

B'N; ;B 1980 d/ djke/ ft~u ‘fJfsjk; d/ nzs* d/ ftuko d/ Bkb Bkb G{^wzvbheoD dh BthA
gfoxNBk ;kjwD/ nkJh. G{wzvbheoD nfijhnK gfo;fEshnK, ftfrnkfBe gq:'fXeh,
nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse gfo;fEshnK dk Bkw j?, i' g{oh d[BhnK B{z fJ; soK Bkb fJ~e
;{so ft~u go'"Adk j? fe d[BhnK d/ fJ~e e'B/ ft~u j' ojh xNBk dk n;o d[BhnK d/ d{i/
e'B/ ft~u j[zdk j?.

(r) ;{uBk, ;zfrms eoBk ns/ gq;koL
(r) ;{uBk, ;zfrms eoBk ns/ gq;koL
(r) ;{uBk, ;zfrms eoBk ns/ gq;koL
(r) ;{uBk, ;zfrms eoBk ns/ gq;koL
(r) ;{uBk, ;zfrms eoBk ns/ gq;koL ;{uBk ns/ ;zuko gqd:'freh ft~u fJzNoB?N ns/ tobv tkJhv
t?p tor/ ni'e/ ftek; G{^wzvbh eoD d/ wj~stg{oB g~y ns/ fBoDkfJe s~s jB. fJ;d/ ekoB T[sgkdB,
;zqrjD ns/ nKefVnk dk ftPb/PD nk;kB j' frnk j? ns/ fJ;B{z g{oh d[BhnK ft~u s/ih Bkb c?bkfJnk ik
;edk j?. fJ; Bkb Bk e/tb nKefVnK dh T[gbpGsk nk;kB j' rJh j?, ;r' e[M nfij/ w[~d/ ns/ ftP/ th
;kjwD/ nkJ/ jB i' okPNo oki dhnK ;hwKtK dk T[zbzxD eod/ jB. fJjBK ftfPnK d/ ekoD ;w ekfbe
G{^wzvbh d[BhnK d/ okiBhse ;zdoG ft~u th wj~stg{oB gfotosB nkfJnk j?, ;wkfie nzd'bB d/ ;zrmBk
ns/ ekoi eosktK dk g{oh d[BhnK ft~u c?fbnk ;zgoe dk skDk fJ;/ dk Bshik j? fJ; soK d/ ;zgoe ;{so
d/ ekoB iBszsfoe ftuko th s/ih Bkb c?b/. ;hnk gk; d/ d~yDh w?e;heD oki d/ ikgk; fN;{nk nzd'bB
ft~u fJzNoB?N dk T[g:'r ehsk frnk ;h ns/ nkgD/ nfXekoK, ;wkfie fBnK ns/ gqik szso bJh ehs/
ik oj/ ;zxo; ft~u ;G B{z ikDekoh d/D bJh G{^wzvbh iB ;zuko dk T[g:'r ehsk frnk. ;wekbh ftfPnk
d/ wkBt nfXekoK d/ tkX/ ns/ ;[o~fynk tor/ w[~d/ ;kjwD/ nkJ/ i' ;{uBk d/ ;zrqjD ns/ gq;ko T[~s/ nXkfos
;B.

14 14 2 ftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb ;wkiK dh gqshfefonk ftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb ;wkiK dh gqshfefonk
14
ftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb ;wkiK dh gqshfefonk
ftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb ;wkiK dh gqshfefonk
14.2 22 2 ftef;s ns/ ftek;Phb ;wkiK dh gqshfefonk (Response from
14
Developed and Developing societies)
ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u okiB?fse gqfefonk d/ Yzr B{z ;wMD bJh fJBK d/ okiB?fse YKu/
ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u okiB?fse gqfefonk d/ Yzr B{z ;wMD bJh fJBK d/ okiB?fse YKu/
ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u okiB?fse gqfefonk d/ Yzr B{z ;wMD bJh fJBK d/ okiB?fse YKu/
ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u okiB?fse gqfefonk d/ Yzr B{z ;wMD bJh fJBK d/ okiB?fse YKu/
ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u okiB?fse gqfefonk d/ Yzr B{z ;wMD bJh fJBK d/ okiB?fse YKu/
(Political Enviorment)L L L L L okiBhse ouBKtk (Political Structures) ns/ okiBhse fttjko (Political
Behaviour) dh ikDekoh io{oh j?. fJjBK s~stK d/ ft;Eko g{ote nfXn?B bJh fJjBK dh okiBhse
;z;feqsh, fj~s ;w{jK, okiB?fse dbK b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK, nfXekoh szso, u'D gqfefonk ns/ okiB?fse
fj~;/dkoh T[~s/ fXnkB e/Adfos eoBk ukjhdk j?.
okiBhse ;z;feqsh (Political Culture)L L L L okiBhse ;z;feqsh dk noE j? fe;/ ;wki dh ;z;feqsh d/ T[j
okiBhse ;z;feqsh
okiBhse ;z;feqsh L
okiBhse ;z;feqsh
okiBhse ;z;feqsh
g~y i' T[;dh okiBhsh B{z gqGkfts eod/ jB. t?;/ ;z;feqsh dh ebgBk pj[s ftPkb j? fi;d/ nXhB fe;/
;w[dkJ/ ft~u gqufb~s f;XKs ns/ wkBsKtK s'A fJbktk t~y t~y ebKtk (Art Forms), gqshe fuzB, T[s;t
g{op, g{ik gkm ns/ ofjD ;fjD dk Yzr th nk iKdk j? go okiBhse ;z;feqsh dk nfXn?B eod/ ;wA/ n;hA
fJBK f;XKsK ns/ wkBsktK dk n;o wzB e/ T[jBK s/ jh nkgDk fXnkB e/Adfos eod/ jK. okiBhse ;z;feqsh
ft~u w[~y s"o s/ nfij/ f;XKs (Values), wkBsKtK (Beliefs),
ns/ wkB dzv (Norms) nk iKd/ jB i' Pk;e tor, Pk;B gqDkbh ns/ Pk;B dh gqfefonk B{z ekB{zBh Peb
(Legitimacy) gqdkB eod/ jB ns/ T[jBK d/ ;zdoG ft~u fe;/ ftnesh dh ;fEsh B{z fBoXkfos eod/ jB.
ftek;Phb d/PK dh okiBhse ;z;feqsh d/ pko/ e'Jh nkw XkoBK BjhA pDkJh ik ;edh. n;hA e/tb nfijhnK

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