Page 331 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK dh G{fwek
b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK dh G{fwek (Role of Mass Media): b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXB ;wkuko g~so,
b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK dh G{fwek
b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK dh G{fwek
b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK dh G{fwek
g~sfoektK, o/fvT[, N?bhftiB nkfd nkX[fBeheoB d/ wj~stg{oB ;kXB jB. sh;oh d[BhnK d/ d/PK ft~u
fJj ;kXB th pj[s/ ftef;s BjhA jB. ;wkuko g~so nkw s"o s/ ftP/P torK d/ fJ;s/wkb dh jh t;s{
j? ns/ fJjBK dh tzv finkdkso PfjoK s~e jh ;hwhs j?. jkbKfe fJBK d/ ;zgkdeK B{z nkw s"o s/ em'o
gkpzdhnK (Strict Censorship) dk ;kjwDk s/ BjhA eoBk g?Adk, go fco th T[j g{oh soK fBvo BjhA ofj
gKT[d/. i/eo gqGktPkbh tor T[BK s'A BkokI j' ikJ/ sK T[jBK B{z nkgD/ nj[d/ s'A jNkfJnk ik ;edk j?.
1970 d/ djke/ ft~u noiBNhBK ns/ fu~bh d/ nB/e g~soekoK B{z ;Ik fd~sh rJh T[BK B{z e?d ft~u gkfJnk
frnk iK T[jBK dh ihtB bhbk jh ;wkgs eok fd~sh rJh.
ftek;Phb d/PK d/ ;wkuko g~soK ftu w[~y s"o s/ PfjoK dhnK jh ypoK SkghnK iKdhnK jB, fgzvK d/ jkbs
t~b ftP/P fXnkB BjhA fd~sk iKdk. sBIkBhnK ft~u 1980 d/ djke/ d"okB fgzv fgzv ft~u wb/ohnk c?b
frnk ;h go T[~E' dhnK nypkoK B/ fJ; xNBk B{z ;wkuko dk ftP/ pDkT[D :'r jh BjhA ;wfMnk. e[M
th j't/ Gkos d/ fgzvK dh fJzBk BIonzdkI BjhA ehsk iKdk. fJ~E/ fgzvK ft~u j'D tkbhnK xNBKtk, yk;
s"o s/ d[oxNBKtk ns/ e[dosh nkcsK d/ ;wkukoK B{z b'e ;zgoe d/ ;kXBK ft~u e[M EK fd~sh iKdh j? ns/
;wkfie dhnK xNBktK B{z y'iphB eoe/ ns/ b~G b~G e/ gqekP ft~u fbnKdk iKdk j?.
ncohek wjKdhg ft~u 1600 GkPktK ns/ p'bhnK gqu~fbs jB. fJBK ft~u fInkdkso p'bhnK jh jB i'
p'bhnK iKdhnK jB, fby e/ BjhA G/ihnK iKdhnK. d{o doki d/ y/soK ft~u T[~E/ o/fvT[ Bkb ;wkuko gj[zukDk
;"yk ofjzdk j?. nkw s"o s/ ;koh ;{uBk t~v/ t~v/ PfjoK s'A fgzvk t~b iKdh j?, fgzvK s'A PfjoK t~b e'Jh ;{uBk
BjhA iKdh. j[D ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u N?bhftiB dk fotki th t~XD b~rk j?. fJ; Bkb fgzv d/ b'eK B{z Pfjoh
ihtB dh sVe GVe tkb/ fdqP d/yD B{z fwbd/ jB fi; Bkb T[BK d/ wB ft~u th T[~u/ ofjD ;fjD d/ fwnko
dh T[whd ikr iKdh j? ns/ T[j ;oeko d/ e'b eJh soK dhnK wzrK G/iD b~r g?Ad/ jB fi;d/ Bkb ;oeko
dk ezw finkdk w[Pfeb j' iKdk j?.
b/fNB nwohek ns/ j'o ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u P[o{ P[o{ ft~u N?bhftiB d/ nfij/ b'eK d/ g;zdhdk gq'rokw
fdykJ/ ikD b~r/ i' nwohek ft~u fsnko ehs/ iKd/ ;B. j[D e/pb Nh th d/ ft;sko d/ ekoB nwohek ns/
:{o'g d/ T[~Bs d/PK d/ gq'rokw ns/ ;wkuko f;~X/ jh shih d[BhnK d/ d/PK d/ N?bhftiB s/ d/y/ iKd/ jB fJ;
Bkb ;{uBK d/ G{^wzvbheoD (Globalization of information) dk ft;sko j'fJnk j?. fJ;d/ Bkb jh
ftfrnkgB (Advertising) dk g/Pk th T[~Bs j' frnk j?. T[gG'rsk t;s{nK dh wzr tXh j?. wB'oziB d/
nfij/ Yzr ns/ nfijh ihtB P?bh dk ft;sko j'fJnk j?. fJ; ubB d/ Bkb e[M j~d s~e g~Sw d/ ;z;feqshe
;kwokitkd (Cultural imperialism) B{z ft~u th ft;sko j'fJnk j?.

;z;feqshe ;kwokitkd
;z;feqshe ;kwokitkd
;z;feqshe ;kwokitkd (Cultural imperialism)LL LL L nfijh ;fEsh, fi; ft~u e'Jh PeshPkbh d/P
;z;feqshe ;kwokitkd
;z;feqshe ;kwokitkd
;z;feqfse T[geoDK (fit/A fe ftukoK, ihtB ;?bh, ;kfjs, ebk feqshnK ns/ d{o doPB d/ gq'rokwK) dh
;jkfJsk Bkb d{i/ d/PK d/ b'eK d/ wB s/ nkgD/ ;z;feqfse gqGkt S~vdk j?. fJj d{i/ d/PK s/ nkgDk gqGkt
(Domination) ;Ekfgs eoB dk nfijk tXhnk sohek j? fi; ft~u ;?fBe, nkofEe ns/ okiBhse Pesh
dk T[g:'r BjhA ehsk iKdk.
;{uBK d/ gq;ko d/ Bkb Bkb fJjBK ;kXBK d/ d[nkok ;wkfie ihtB dhnK ifNb ;w~f;nKtk B{z nkw iBsk
d/ fXnkB ft~u fbnKdk ik fojk j?, fi; d/ Bkb eJh soK dh ;irsk (Awareness) nk rJh j? ns/ fJ;
soK T[j okiBhsh ft~u tX/o/ fefonkPhb j' rJ/ jB ns/ ;oeko s/ finkdk dpkt gkT[D b~r gJ/ jB. T[jBK
dhnK BthnK BthnK wzrK g{ohnK eoB bJh ;oeko B{z nkgD/ ;hfws ;kXBK d/ ekoB pj[s w[Pfeb dk
;kjwDk eoBK g?Adk j?. fJ; bJh fJj io{oh j' iKdk j? fe ftek; d/ gq'rokwk ft~u b'ek dh fj~;/dkoh
(participation) tXkJh ikt/. nfijh jkbs ft~u ;oeko iB f;~fynk B{z tXktk d/D bJh iB ;zgoe d/
;kXBK dk ftPkb T[g:'r eodh j?. fJ; soK gfotko fB:'iB, ;t~Ssk, ;kyosk, o'rK dh o'eEkw ns/
;wkfie e[ohshnK d/ yksw/ Bkb i[V/ ;zd/P b'eK s~e gj[zukJ/ iKd/ jB. Gkos dk gb; g'bhU nfGnkB
nfijhnK rfsftXhnK dh fizdk fw;kb j?.
nfXekoh szso dk toskU
nfXekoh szso dk toskU
nfXekoh szso dk toskU (Attitude of bureaucracy)LL LL L ;zo~fyne nfXekoh szso (Gurdian
nfXekoh szso dk toskU
nfXekoh szso dk toskU
Bureaucracy) nfijk nfXekoh szso (Bureaucracy) j? i' nkgD/ nkg B{z oki dh ;fEosk (Stability)
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