Page 326 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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fJekJh^14L G{^wzvbheoD
fJekJh^14L G{^wzvbheoD
fJekJh^14L G{^wzvbheoD
okiBhsh ft~u f;XKs fBowkD
okiBhsh ft~u f;XKs fBowkD
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okiBhsh ft~u f;XKs fBowkD
okiBhsh ft~u f;XKs fBowkD
9 9 9 9 9. okiBhsh ft~u f;XKs fBowkD (Theory-building in Politics)L L L L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk wj~st BØN
okiBhsh ft~u “f;XKs fBowkD (Theory-building in politics) dh BIohJ/ s'A th j?. s[bBkswe nfXn?B
s'A jh fe;/ Pk;so d/ f;XKsK d/ fBowkD ns/ fB:wK dk fBo{gD ;zGt j[zdk j?. gqkuhB ;w/A s'A jh okiBhsh
Pk;so ft~u nfij/ f;XKsK ns/ ;XkoD fB:wK dh y'i ehsh iKdh ojh j? i' g{o/ ftPt d/ okiBhse fttjko
B{z w'N/ o{g ft~u ;wMD ft~u wdd eoB. okiBhse f;XKsK B{z w'N/ s"o s/ d' fj~f;nK ft~u tzfvnk iKdk j?L
nkdoPe f;XKs (Normative Theory) ns/ nB[Gfte f;XKs (Empirical Theory). nkdoPe f;XKs
ft~u okiBhse ftt;EKtK d/ pko/ ft~u e'Jh ebgBk eo bJh iKdh j? ns/ pknd ft~u T[; ebgBK B{z
ouBksw o{g fd~sk iKdk j?. T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ gb/N' B/ dkoPfBe okik (Philosopher King) dh ebgBk
ehsh ns/ T[;d/ nXko s/ jh fJ~e nkdoP oki (Ideal State) dk ftuko g/P ehsk. fJ; soK d/ nkdoPksw
f;XKs dk m'; s~EK Bkb e'Jh ;pzX BjhA j[zdk ns/ Bk jh s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJ; soK d/ f;XKsK d/ fBowkD
ft~u e'Jh wdd eodh j? go nkX[fBe f;XKsK d/ fBowkD ft~u e'Jh wdd eodh j? go nkX[fBe f;XKsK
ft~u okiBhse fttjko d/ tk;sfte s~EK B{z ;wM e/ f;XKsK d/ fBowkD dk :sB ehsk iKdk j?. s[bBkswe
okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B dk wj~st nB{Gfte f;XKsK d/ fBowkD ft~u jh j?.
G{^wzvbheoD
G{^wzvbheoD
G{^wzvbheoD L
G{^wzvbheoD
G{^wzvbheoD (Globalization)L LL L 20thA ;dh d/ gfjb/ n~X ft~u G{^wzvbheoD ns/ j'o T[GodhnK
gqftoshnK dk toBD j/m fby/ nB[;ko j?L
(e) ftt;EktK dk nfXn?BL 1960 s'A b? e/ 1980 d/ dPe ft~u s[bBkswe okiB?fse ftPb/PD ft~u
(e) ftt;EktK dk nfXn?BL
(e) ftt;EktK dk nfXn?BL
(e) ftt;EktK dk nfXn?BL
(e) ftt;EktK dk nfXn?BL
ekch ftek; j'fJnk. fJ;dk y/so tfXnk ns/ fJ; ft~u t~vh ;zfynk ft~u d/P Pkfwb ehs/ rJ/. Bhsh
ftuko Xkok, Pk;eh nB[Gt ns/ fJ;/ soK d/ eJh j'o wkgdzvK dk T[g:'r ehsk frnk. jKbkfe 1980 d/
djke/ ft~u ;XkoD f;XKs s'A t~y j' e/ ;zdoG dh gq;zfresk T[~s/ i'o fd~sk ikD b~rk. e[M j~d s~e fJj
;wkfie ftfrnkBK ft~u fJfsjk;e iKu gVskb d/ fco s'A t~X oj/ gqGkt B{z do;kT[dK j?. fJj T[;
“fJfsjk;e ;wki Pk;so” d/ ikrfos j'D B{z th do;kT[Adk j?. i' fe gfoxNBKtk B{z ft;fsqs ns/ pj[w[yh
;zdoG ft~u d/yD dh e'fP; eodk j?. ;z;feqs s/ nXkfos nfXn?BK dk I'o tfXnk ns/ okPNohsk s/
nXkfos d/P ns/ fJ~E'A s~e fe ;z;Ekrs ftfPPN okPNo s/ yk; i'o fd~sk ikD b~rk. “t~vhnK ftt;EKtk”
T[~s/ i'o fd~sk ikD b~rk ns/ wkvb fBowkD dk gsB j'fJnk. ftfPPN ;zdoG ns/ ;z;feqshnK T[~s/ i'o fd~s/
ikD d/ ekoB s[bBk dk wkgdzv ftnkge ehsk frnk. “S'NhnK ftt;EKtk” iK y/soK d/ ;so s/ s[bBk dh
gqftsh ubdh ojh, fit/A fJ;bkw Xow B{z wzBD tkb/ b?fNB nwohek d/ d/P, T[g ;jkok ncohek, d~yDh
J/Phnk nkfd.
(y) Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsfoe fdq;Nhe'DL ;'thns ;zx d/ N[~ND s'A pknd ‘fJfsjk; dk nzs’ dh
(y) Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsfoe fdq;Nhe'DL
(y) Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsfoe fdq;Nhe'DL
(y) Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsfoe fdq;Nhe'DL
(y) Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsfoe fdq;Nhe'DL
ntXkoDk ;kjwD/ nkJh cqK;h;h c[e:[ :kwk B/ ‘fd J/Av n'c fj;Noh’ Bkwe b/y fbfynk pknd ft~u T[;B/ fJ;/
ftP/ s/ ‘fd J/Av n'c fj;Noh n?Av fd bk;N w?B’ Bkwe g[;se fbyh. T[jBK B/ nkgD/ fJ; b/y ns/ feskp
ft~u fejk fe ‘wkBt ;oeko d/ nkyoh ;o{g’ ft~u T[dkotkdh goikszso dh ;EkgBk ns/ fi~s Bkb ftukok dk
fJfsjk; ysw j' frnk. fJj 1950 d/ dPe s'A ubh nk ojh ‘ftukoXkok dk nzs’ ftP/ s/ j' ojh pj; dk th
gfouk:e j?, fi;dk iBw Phs :[~X dh uow nt;Ek d/ d"okB s/ uow ;hwk dh jkbs ft~u ns/ g~Sw ft~u
;kwtkd d/ gsB d/ ;zdoG ft~u j'fJnk ;h . g~Swh T[dkotkdh ftdtkBK B/ fJj r~b ;kjwD/ o~yh fe g~Sw d/
T[d:'fre ;wki ft~u j'J/ nkofEe ftek; Bkb okiBhse ;w~f;nktK j~b j' rJhnK fit/A nIkdh ns/ oki Pesh
d/ wkwb/, wid{oK d/ nfXeko nkfd, i' T[d:'rheoD d/ Bkb Bkb n~r/ tX/. nwohek d/ ;wki Pk;soh v?Bhnb
p/b B/ nkgDh feskp ft~u d~f;nk fe fJ; ezw d/ ;pzX ft~u d~f;nk fe fJ; ftek; d/ ;zdoG ft~u fJ~e
ftukokswe ;'u ;h. iK okiBhse fttjko d/ w[~d/ s/ ftukoe w~sG/dK B{z ;Ekfgs eo fd~sk frnk ;h. fJ~E/ fJj
fXnkB o~yDk ukjhdk j? fe fJ; G{ wzvbhfeqs d[BhnK ft~u ni/ th ;kohnK xNBKtk g~Swh g{zihtkd d/ B/V/^s/
V/ e/Adfos jB. g{zihtkd dh sEkefEs fi~s d/ ;zdoG ft~u Bkrfoe ;wki ns/ iBszsoheoD d/ nfXn?B ;pzXh
ftukoXkoKtk ft~u Bkrfoe ;wki dk wj~st tfXnk ns/ nkX[fBe g{zihtkdh d[BhnK ft~u ftneshrs nfXekoh
dh o~fynk dh r~b ehsh ikD b~rh.
fJ; s'A fJbktk ftukoXkok ft~u fJ~e j'o wj~stg{oB pdbkt nkfJnk, fi; ft~u Bkrfoe ;wki ns/
iBszsoheoD d/ gqPB B{z w[~y o~fynk frnk. fJ; soK fJ~e gk;/ fi~E/ pkIko nXkfos iBszso d/ ftek;

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