Page 325 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ekoB jB. s[bBkswe nfXn?B s'A jh fJj frnkB gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j? fe ;z;dh ns/ nfXnkswe
g~dshnK B{z ;cb pDkT[D bJh fezBk PosK (conditions) dk j'Dk Io{oh j?.
okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkBhe nfXn?B pDkT[Dk
okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkBhe nfXn?B pDkT[Dk
okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkBhe nfXn?B pDkT[Dk
okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkBhe nfXn?B pDkT[Dk
5 5 5 5 5. okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkBhe nfXn?B pDkT[Dk (making politics a scientific study)L^ s[bBkswe
okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B Bz{ fJ~e ftfrnkfBe nfXn?B pDkT[dk j?. P[o{nks d/ ft~u okiBhsh Pk;so d/ ftdtkB
ns/ ftukoe pDkT[D d/ bJh e'fP; ft~u oj/. okiBhsh Pk;so B{z ftfrnkB pDkT[D d/ bJh ftfrnkfBe
g~dshnK dk j'Dk th Io{oh j? ns/ ftfrnkfBe g~dshnK s[bBkswe g~dsh dk pj[s wj~st j?. no;s{ B/
158 ;zftXkBK dk nfXn?B eoB s'A pknd eqKsh B{z o'eD d/ ekoDK dk th ftt/uD ehsk. s[bBkswe okiBhsh,
okiBhse feqnKtk dk gq:'r eoB Bz{ fBoXkfos eodh j?. ;zws 1945 d/ pknd, id'A s'A fttjko dk iBw
j'fJnk j?, T[d'A s'A n~i s~e okiBhse Pk;so ftfrnkBeK dh y'i nkX[fBe nfGftnesh n;hA s[bBkswe
okiBhse nfXn?B ft~u jh gkT[d/A jK. fttjkotkd B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh B{z ftfrnkB dk o{g d/D ft~u
;jkfJsk ehsh j?. ghNo n?u woeb (Petar H. Markal) d/ nB[;ko “s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ nXko s/ jh
okiBhse Pk;se ftfrnkB P/Dh ft~u nk ;fenk j? ns/ fJ; bJh no;s{ d/ pknd s'A n~i s~e gqfsfms
ns/ Pq/Pm ftukoe okiBhsh d/ s[bBkswe ft~u o{uh b?Ad/ oj/ jB.” okiBhsh dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B eoB
s'A gfjbK nwohek, cqK;, fpqN/B nkfd :{o'g d/ d/PK d/ Pk;B, okiBhse dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B ehsk iKdk
fojk j?, gozs{ j[D J/Phnk ncohek d/ ftekP;hb d/PK ft~u Pk;B ns/ okiBhsh dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B ehsk
iKdk j?. fJ;/ soK gfjbK e/tb ngukfoe ;z;EKtk ftXkBwzvb, ekoi gkfbek ns/ fBnK gkfbek dk
nfXn?B ehsk iKdk ;h, gozs{ n~i nBUgukfoe ;z;EKtk dpktk ;w{jK, w~sdkB iBws nkfd dk nfXn?B
th ehsk iKdk j? ns/ s[bBkswe g~dsh gfjbK d/ w[ekpb/ finkdk ftnkge ns/ T[g:'rh pD rJh j? fi;
ekoD T[j finkdk ftfrnkBe pD rJh j?.
gqufb~s okiBhsh dh d'pkok gqwkfDesk
6 6 6 6 6. gqufb~s okiBhsh dh d'pkok gqwkfDesk gqufb~s okiBhsh dh d'pkok gqwkfDesk
gqufb~s okiBhsh dh d'pkok gqwkfDesk (Re-valifification of existing political theroties)LL LL L
gqufb~s okiBhsh dh d'pkok gqwkfDesk
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh wj~st g{oB T[g:'rsk fJj j? fe fJ;dh ;jkfJsk s/ gqu~bs okiBhse f;XKsK dk,
GKt/ T[j nkdo;tkdh f;XKs j'D iK nB[Gkfte f;XKs, d'pkok gqehPD ehsk iKdk j? T[jBK dh gqwkfDesk
iKuh iKdh j?. n;hA s[bBkswe okiBhsh nfXn?B s'A fJj f;~Nk e~Y ;ed/ jK fe g[okD/ ;Ekfgs okiBhse
f;XKs n~i^e~b dh gqtofss jkbksK ft~u th wkB: j? iK BjhA ns/ i/ :'r j? sK fezB/ T[fus ns/ fezB/
nB[fus jB. s[bBkswe okiBhsh ;Ekfgs okiBhsh f;XKsK dh d'pkok iKu eoB d/ bJh Bt/A T[geoD ns/
BthBsk :[es fGzB fGzB s~s T[gbGX eotkT[dhA j?. sK fe T[jBK dh gqwkfDesk dk d'pkok gqekPD ;zGt
j't/. fJ~e ;wK ;h id'A b'eszso d/ okiBhsh g~y s/ I'o fd~sk iKdk ;h gozs{ j[D okiBhse g~y d/ Bkb Bkb
nkofEe g~y s/ th i'o fd~sk iKdk j?.
okPNoK d/ rfjo/ ;pzXK d/ ekoB s[bBk io{oh
7 7 7 7 7. okPNoK d/ rfjo/ ;pzXK d/ ekoB s[bBk io{oh okPNoK d/ rfjo/ ;pzXK d/ ekoB s[bBk io{oh (Close relation between countries led to
okPNoK d/ rfjo/ ;pzXK d/ ekoB s[bBk io{oh
okPNoK d/ rfjo/ ;pzXK d/ ekoB s[bBk io{oh
comparison)LL LL L n~i ;z;ko d/ ;ko/ d/P fJ~e d{i/ d/ B/V/ nk rJ/ jB. ftfrnkB dh T[ZBsh, ;zuko, :ksk:ks
d/ ;kXBK d/ ftek; B/ d/PK dh d{oh B{z pj[s x~N eo fd~sk j?. d{oh x~N j'D eoe/ okPNoK d/ ;pzXK ft~u
rfjokJh tXh j? ns/ rfjokJh tXD d/ ekoB fJ~e d{i/ dh Pk;B g~dsh, ofjD ;fjD, ;pzXK, :'iBKtk dh
;cbsk ns/ seBheh d/ ndkB gqdkB ft~u th o{uh t~X rJh j? ns/ s[bBkswe nfXn?B Io{oh j' iKdk j?.
g'qc?;o j?fozr (Prof. Herring) d/ PpdK ft~u, “fiBK d/PK Bkb ;kv/ ;pzX jB, T[jBK dh ;z;feqsh,
ftukoXkok, fJfsjk; ns/ T[jBK d/ ;ko/ s~stK fijV/ ;ko/ s~s okiBhsh s/ gqGkt gkT[d/A ;B, s[bBkswe
nfXn?B pj[s Io{oh j?.fJ;s'A Bk e/tb T[jBK d/PK dh okiBhsh ftt;Ek B{z uzrh soK Bkb ;wMD dk w"ek
fwfbnk j? pbfe n;hA nkgDh th ftt;Ek dk ;jh w[~bKeD s[bBkswe nfXn?B d[nkok eo ;ed/ jK.”
(Careful studies that deal comparatively with the cultural and the ideologies would led
not only to a better understanding of the countries of the world with which we must deal
should like wise unable us to understand overselves better).
8 8 8 8 8. okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ bJh (For the study of political reality)L LL L okiBhse
okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ bJh
okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ bJh
okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ bJh
L
okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ bJh
tk;sftesk B{z ikDB d/ bJh s[bBkswe okiBhse dk pj[s wj~st j?. s[bBkswe nfXn?B dk ;pzX fJ;
soK d/ BthA seBheK d/ T[gkrwK d/ d[nkok okiBhse tk;sftesk d/ nfXn?B d/ Bt/A o{g Bkb j?, fi;d/
ekoB okiBhsh dk g{ok y/so fJ;d/ nzsors nk ikt/.

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