Page 84 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^4L okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
fJekJh^4L okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
fJekJh^4L okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
fJekJh^4L okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
fJekJh^4L okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
ns/ Xkofwe G{fwektK dk fJe ;kE fBotkj eoBk g?Adk j?. fJE/ n;hA fe;/ ephb/ d/ ;odko d/ o{g ftu BØN
nftfGzB G{fwek ;ozuBk dk gqfswkB d/yd/ jK i' fJe ;kE gqPk;e, gkdoh iK g[o'fjs d/ ezwK d/ nbktk
nkofEe ekoiK Bz{ ;zgzB eodk j? gozs{ T[;d/ nXhB ofjD tkb/ b'e okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ pko/ ftu
e'Jh nfijh ikro[esk gqdofPs BjhA eod/ Gkt/A g{o/ ;w[dkJ/ d/ pko/ ftu T[BQK ftu ikro[esk j' ;edh
j?. j' ;edk j? fe ftek; d/ ekoB e[M ftneshnK Bz{ e/Adoh okiBhfse gqkfXeoD dh j'Ad d/ pko/ ftu
io{o gsk ub ikJ/ gozs{ ;cb ftnt;Ek d/ pko/ ftu T[BQK dhnK GktBktK dk w[bKeD ;gPN o{g ftu
T[BQK d/ ;kjwD/ BjhA nkfJnk j?, fi; Bkb T[/BQK d/ bJh wkBeK dh ;EkgBk ehsh ik ;e/ ns/ fi; ftu
ftnt;Ek d/ Bkb T[BQK d/ ;zpzXK dk ftfB:wB ehsk ik ;e/.
nXhB;E–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
2H 2H nXhB;E–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh nXhB;E–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
2H 2H 2H nXhB;E–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh (Subject–Political Culture)^fJj T[E/ ft~dwkB j[zdh j? fi~E/
nXhB;E–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
;zg{oB ftnt;Ek d/ gqsh ns/ ftfPPN o{g ftu fJ;d/ fBors gfjb{nK d/ pko/ ftu nfGftfB:k;
dh pj[s T[Zuh nktosh j[zdh j?. fJj nXhB;E iK nkfPqs T[gfBt/PK ftu d/yh ik ;edh j? fi~E/
b'e nkgDh okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ gqsh iK sK rot wfj;{; eod/ jB iK d[PwDh. noEks T[j
nkgD/ Pk;eK d/ fBofDnK Bz{ Ufusg{oB wzB e/ ;theko eo b?Ad/ jB iK nkgD/ nksw–fBoD/ d/
nfXeko d/ Bkw T[s/ T[BQK d/ fybkc ;zxoP eod/ jB. fJj d{ih r~b j? fe nkwzv b'eK Bz{ okiBhfse
ftnt;Ek dh nzX n;thfeqsh Bz{ Ufusg{oB ;wMD T[s/ e[M fInkdk jh pb fdzd/ jB ns/ T[j T[BQK
dh d[PwDh ;pzXh Gkr dh ntj/bDk eo fdzd/ jB fiBQK d/ Bshi/ ti'A nfij/ nzd'bB j[zd/ jB i'
fBoD/–fBowksktK d/ pDkJ/ ekBz{BK Bz{ ‘ekb/ ekBz{B’ efj e/ T[BQK d/ gqkfXeko dk yzvB eod/ jB ns/
g{oB ;toki dh wzr eod/ jB.
3H 3H 3H ;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh (Participant–Political Culture)L L L L L fJj T[BQK ftef;s ;wkiK
;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
3H 3H ;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh
ftu j[zdh j? fiE/ b'e nkgD/ nkg Bz{ db d/ ekoiPhb w?Apo wzB e/ okiBhfse y/so ftu ekoiPhb Yzr
Bkb Gkr b?Ad/ jB. T[j nfXekoK ns/ eosZtK d/ pko/ ftu uzrh soQK gfofus j[zd/ jB. “jo g~Xo T[s/
ftnt;Ek dk w[bKeD ns/ T[;dh nkb'uBk ehsh iKdh j? ns/ nkw s"o s/ fJ;Bz{ ftt/eg{oB ;wM e/
;theko ehsk iKdk j? fe okiBhfse feqnkebkg Bz{ ;wki d/ nzdo ftneshnK ns/ torK dh xfBPm
;whfynk d/ nXhB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. pfjojkb, nkwzv fJ; rb B{z ;gPN eo d/Dk ukjz[d/ jB fe feT[Afe
okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK okiBhfse fdqPNh s'A fInkdk ;ikshJ/ jz[zdh j?, fJ; bJh ftneshnK d/ pko/ ftu
fJj BjhA ;wMDk ukjhdk fe T[j okiBhfse ekoi d/ gqsh ;wkB Yzr Bkb nfGw[y jB.
fJ;d/ nbktk, nkwzv d' ns/ uoK dh soc ;ze/s eod/ jB fiBQK d/ pko/ ftu FfXnkB ofynk ikDk ukjhdk
j?. fJe, nfwfPqs okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dhnK ;kohnK fe;wK d/ nbktk, nkwzv ftnt;fEs o{g ftu fwfPqs
fe;w dh okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dh soc th fBod/P eod/ jB. fJE'A T[j T[BQK ;fEshnK dk fBo{gD eod/
jB fiZE/ nfGftfBnk;K dk fJe s'A fInkdk gqshwkBK dk T[b/yBhJ/ nB[gkd T[gbpX j?. fJ; gqeko, T[j
fszB fe;wK dk fBoXkoD eod/ jBL (1) ;zehoD–nXhB;E–;fjGkih okiBhfse ;z;feqsh (Parochial–
subject–Political Culture), (2) gqXhB;E–;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh (Subject-Participant-Political
Culture), (3) ;zehoD–;fjGkih–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh (Parochial-Participant-Political Culture)
ns/ Bkrfoe ;z;feqsh (Civil Culture). d{i/, okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK ns/ okiBhfse ;ozuBktK edh ;EkJh
;w/A d/ Bkb ubdh ofjzdh j?. nkgD/ nkg Bz{ g{oB eoB d/ bJh ;ot ;wsk dh soc iK fJ;s'A d"o ;zubB
dh gqftosh ngfojkfo: BjhA j?. ;zGt j? fe ;ot;wsk Bkb E'Vk gfjb/ ;z;feqsh d/ gqshwkB fe;/ ;EkB
T[s/ ;fEo j' ikD, noEks nfij/ ;EkB T[s/ fi~E/ okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ pko/ ftu ftneshnK dh mhe
ikDekoh j[zdh j? T[;Bz{ T[j podkPs th eoBk ukjz[d/ jB gozs{ T[; Bkb ;zpzXs j'D dh T[BQK ftu e'Jh fJZSk
BjhA j[zdh, ns/ T[;d/ pko/ ftu T[BQK dh e'Jh ;ekokswe ns/ nB[e{b GktBk th BjhA j[zdh. fJ; Bkb ftebg
d/ o{g ftu, fJe n?;/ ftek; gqshwkB dh ;EkgBk ehsh ik ;edh j? i' T[BQK ftu ;ot ;wsk fbnk BjhA
;edk go, fJ; fdPk d/ pj[s jh B/V// gj[zuk fdzdk j?. ftek; d/ fJ; gqshwkB d/, ftP/P o{g ftu, n?;/
;wkiK ftu gqrN j'D dh ;zGktBk j[zdh j? fiBQK ftu ftneshnK dk nkrs gqfeqnk d/ bJh ;ekokswe o{g
ftu nfGftfBnk; j[zdk j?, noEks nfijh ;fEshnK ftu, fi; ftu b'eK dh fJ~Sk nkgD/ nkg Bz{ nB[Gt
eok ;edh j?, iK fi~E/, xZN s'A x~N b'eK dh okJ/ okiBhfse fdqPNh s'A ekch gqGktPkbh j' iKdh j? id fto'Xh
B/sktK d[nkok fJ; soQK dk nkjtkB ehsk iKdk j?.

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