Page 60 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV esa ,slk oqQN ugha gSA Lrjhdj.k osQ mijksDr vk/kj ij vc ge eqfLye fookg dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk foospu
dj ldrs gSaA

3-3-1 eqfLye fookg osQ mís'; o y{;
eqfLye fookg] ftls ¶fudkg¸ dgk tkrk gS] fgUnqvksa osQ fookg dh Hkk¡fr ifo=k laLdkj u gksdj ,d nhokuh
le>kSrk (civil contract) ekuk tkrk gSA blosQ izeq[k y{; gS% ;kSu fu;a=k.k] x`gLFk thou dks O;ofLFkr djuk]
cPpksa dks tUe nsdj ifjokj esa o`f¼ djuk rFkk cPpksa dk ykyu&ikyu djukA jkSys.M foYlu (1941) osQ
vuqlkj] eqfLye fookg ;kSu lekxe dks oS/kfud cukuk vkSj cPpksa dks tUe nsuk ek=k gSA ,l-lh- ljdkj dk
Hkh ekuuk gS fd eqlyekuksa esa fookg ifo=k laLdkj ugha gS] cfYd ,d fo'kq¼ nhokuh le>kSrk gSA ijUrq eqfLye
fookg dk ;g fp=k lgh ugha gSA ;g dguk fuf'pr #i ls xyr gS fd eqfLye fookg dk ,d ek=k y{; ;kSu
lq[k dh iwfrZ ,oa cPpksa dks tUe nsuk gSA eqfLye lekt esa fookg ,d /kfeZd dÙkZO; Hkh gSA ;g J¼k rFkk
¶bcknr¸ dh ,d fØ;k gSA ,slk fo'okl fd;k tkrk gS fd tks eqlyeku bl dk;Z dks ,d /kfeZd fØ;k eku
dj djrk gS] mls ijyksd esa iqjLdkj feyrk gS vkSj tks ,slk ugha djrk] og iki dk Hkkxhnkj gksrk gSA bls
¶lqUur eqofDdny¸ (Sunnat Muwakkidal) dgrs gSa (dk'kh izlkn lDlsuk] 1959% 146)A tax (Jang, 1953)
;g ekuus esa vf/d lgh gS fd fudkg] ;|fi vko';d #i ls ,d le>kSrk gS] fdUrq lkFk gh ;g ,d J¼k
dk dk;Z Hkh gSA ijUrq eqfLye fookg ;|fi ,d /kfeZd dÙkZO; gSa] fdUrq Li"V :i ls ;g ,d ifo=k laLdkj
(Sacrament) ugha gSA fgUnw fo'okl dh rjg bls og laLdkj ugha ekuk tkrk tks O;fDr dks ifo=krk ,oa iq.;
iznku djrk gSA

3-3-2 fookg O;oLFkk % izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡
eqfLye fookg dh izFke vko';drk gS ¶izLrko j[kuk¸ (proposal) vkSj mldh ¶LohÑfr¸ (acceptance)A
;|fi ;g nksuksa ckrsa fgUnw fookg esa Hkh ik;h tkrh gSa] fdUrq ;g osQoy fookg lEcU/h ckrphr dks vkxs c<+kus
osQ fy, gksrh gSa] u fd eqfLye lekt dh Hkk¡fr fookg r; djus osQ fy,A nwYgk nks xokgksa rFkk ekSyoh dh
mifLFkfr esa fookg ls iwoZ nqyfgu osQ lkeus fookg dk izLrko j[krk gSA ;g vko';d gS fd ¶izLrko¸ rFkk
¶LohÑfr¸ ,d gh cSBd (meeting) esa gksaA ,d cSBd esa izLrko rFkk nwljh cSBd esa LohÑfr ¶lkgh fudkg¸
(regular marriage) ugha gksrs] ;|fi ;g fookg ¶voS/kfud¸ (ckfry) ugha gksrkA bl fookg dks ¶vfu;fer¸
(irregular) vFkok ¶iQkfln¸ (Fasid) ekuk tkrk gSA f'k;kvksa esa fookg Hkax djrs le; nks xokgksa dh
vko';drk gksrh gS u fd le>kSrs osQ le;] tcfd lqfUu;ksa esa fu;e fcYoqQy blosQ foijhr gSaA lkFk gh eqfLye
fookg esa efgyk izek.k (testimony) dks iw.kZ#is.k vLohÑr fd;k x;k gSA vr% fookg le>kSrk nks iq#"kksa }kjk
izekf.kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A izLrko o LohÑfr esa nks iq#"k lkf{k;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ,d iq#"k vkSj nks
efgykvksa dk izek.k ekU; ugha gSA bl izdkj ¶iQkfln¸ ,oa ¶ckfry¸ fookgksa esa vUrj ;g gS fd ¶iQkfln¸
fookg dh vM+puksa (impediments) rFkk vfu;fer (irregularities) dks nwj djosQ ¶lgh¸ fookg esa rks cnyk
tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ¶ckfry¸ fookg esa ifjorZu lEHko ugha gSA ¶iQkfln¸ fookg osQ vusd mnkgj.k gSa% izLrko
rFkk LohÑfr osQ le; lkf{k;ksa dk u gksuk] iq#"k dk ik¡pok fookg] efgyk dh bír (Iddat) dh vof/ esa
fookg] (bír og le; gksrk gS ftlesa efgyk osQ rhu ekfld /eks± dks mlosQ ifr dh e`R;q osQ i'pkr~ ;k rykd
osQ ckn ;g lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, gksrk gS fd og efgyk dgha xHkZorh rks ugha gS) rFkk ifr&ifRu osQ /eks±
esa vUrjA ,d iq#"k dk fookg ,d ¶fdrkfc;k¸ L=kh (;gwnh ;k bZlkbZ) osQ lkFk ¶lgh¸ fookg dgykrk gS]
ysfdu ,slh L=kh osQ lkFk fookg tks vfXu ;k ewfrZ iwtd gksrh gS] ¶iQkfln¸ fookg gksrk gSA
iq#"k pkgs ,d xSj&eqlyeku L=kh ls fookg dj ldrk gS] ;fn mls fo'okl gks fd ml L=kh dh ewfrZ iwtk osQoy
ukeek=k gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ dbZ eqx+y lezkVksa us fgUnw fL=k;ksa ls fookg fd;s vkSj muosQ cPps oS/kfud ekus x;s rFkk
cgq/k jkt ¯lgklu ij Hkh vk#<+ gq,A ,sls fookgksa dks fuf"k¼ djus dk ,dek=k mís'; ;g Fkk fd ewfrZ iwtk

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