Page 62 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV eqfLye fookg dk pkSFkk y{k.k gS ¶vf/ekU; O;oLFkk¸ (preferential system)A thou&lkFkh osQ pquko esa] igyh
vf/ekU;rk l¯yx lgksnjt (parallel cousin) dks vkSj mlosQ ckn fo¯yx lgksnjt (cross cousin) dks nh tkrh
gSA ;|fi nksuksa izdkj osQ l¯yx lgksnjt fookg (ppsjk vkSj ekSlsjk) dk pyu (practice) feyrk gS] rFkkfi
lgksnjt fookg esa iqQisQjk fookg dks ekU;rk ugha nh x;h gS (S.C. Misra, 1956 : 153)A ijUrq vktdy fdlh Hkh
lgksnjt fookg dks ojh;rk ugha nh tkrh gSA 1986 esa t;iqj jktLFkku esa 136 eqfLyeksa ij fd, x, ,d
lekt'kkL=kh; vè;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd osQoy 11% vFkkZr 15 eqlyekuksa us gh vius lgksnjtksa (cousins)
ls fookg fd,A buesa ls Hkh (iq#"k dks bxks ekudj) pkj us viuh ppsjh cguksa ls] 6 us eesjh cguksa ls] vkSj 5

us ekSlsjh cguksa ls fookg fd;k FkkA vktdy tks lgksnjtksa dks ojh;rk iznku ugha dh tk jgh gS lEHkor% mlosQ
dbZ dkj.kksa esa ls oqQN ;g Hkh gks ldrs gSaμifjokj ls ckgj vf/d ngst feyus dh lEHkkouk] u;s O;fDr;ksa ls
fj'rsnkjh dk c<+uk rFkk lgksnjtksa dk ,d nwljs ls cgqr nwj jgukA

fgUnqvksa esa oqQN tkfr;ksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh izFkk osQ foijhr fo/ok ;fn iquZfookg djus dh bPNqd gS rks og vius
e`r ifr osQ HkkbZ dks ojh;rk iznku djus osQ fy, ckè; ugha gSA bl izdkj eqfLyeksa esa HkkHkh fookg (Levirate)
dk izpyu ugha gSA buosQ lekt esa lkyh fookg (Sororate) dks Hkh ekU;rk izkIr ugha gSA fdUrq e`r ;k
rykd'kqnk iRuh dh cfgu ls fookg dh vuqefr gSA

esgj (Dower)

esgj og /u ;k lEifÙk gS tks fookg osQ izfriQy osQ :i esa iRuh vius ifr ls ysus dh vf/dkfj.kh gksrh gSA
;gka ¶fookg dk izfriQy¸ dk iz;ksx Hkkjrh; le>kSrk vf/fu;e osQ vuq#i ugha fd;k x;k gSA eqfLye fu;eksa
osQ vUrxZr ¶esgj¸ ifr ij ,d dÙkZO; (obligation) gS tks fd iRuh osQ ifr vknj dk lwpd gksrk gSA bl
izdkj ;g oèkw&ewY; (bride price) ugha gSA blosQ eq[; mís'; gSaμifr ij iRuh dks rykd nsus lEcU/h fu;a=k.k
djuk rFkk ifr dh e`R;q vFkok rykd osQ i'pkr~ efgyk dks vius Hkj.k iks"k.k osQ ;ksX; cukukA esgj dh èku
jkf'k fookg ls igys] ckn esa] ;k fiQj fookg osQ le; fuf'pr dh tk ldrh gSA ;|fi ;g /u jkf'k de ugha
dh tk ldrh gS] fiQj Hkh ifr dh bPNk ls blesa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA ifRu pkgs rks bl /ujkf'k dks ?kVkus
osQ fy, lger gks ldrh gS ;k fiQj bl leLr /ujkf'k dks vius ifr ;k mlosQ mÙkjkf/dkfj;ksa dks HksaV Lo:i
iznku dj ldrh gSA nksuksa i{kksa esa fuf'pr dh xbZ esgj dh /ujkf'k dks ¶fufnZ"V¸ (Specified) dgrs gSaA esgj
dh de ls de /u jkf'k 10 njge (Dirham) gksrh gS] ysfdu vf/dre dh dksbZ lhek fuf'pr ugha gSA tc
esgj dh jkf'k fuf'pr u djosQ tks mfpr le>rs gSa og nsrs gSa rks bl jkf'k dks ¶mfpr¸ (equkflc) esgj dgrs
gSaA mfpr esgj jkf'k fuf'pr djrs le; ifr vkSj mlosQ ifjokj osQ vkfFkZd Lrj dk lEeku djuk iM+rk gS ;k
fiQj efgyk osQ firk osQ ifjokj esa nwljh fL=k;ksa ij fuf'pr fd, x, esgj dks Hkh è;ku nsuk iM+rk gS (tSls mldh
cfgu ;k cqvk)] ;k fiQj ifr osQ ifjokj osQ iq#"k lnL;ksa }kjk fuf'pr fd, x, esgj dks Hkh è;ku nsuk iM+rk gSA
esgj dh jkf'k eq[; :i ls ifr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks è;ku esa j[kdj fuf'pr dh tkrh gSA ;g rF; 1986
esa t;iqj esa 136 eqlyekuksa osQ vè;;u ls izdk'k esa vk;kA 136 mÙkjnkrkvksa dks Øe'k% 500 #i;s rd] 500

ls 1000 #i;s] 1000 ls 5000 #i;s rFkk 5000 ls Åij #i;s ekfld vk; osQ pkj lewgksa esa ck¡Vk x;k FkkA izFke
lewg esa yxHkx 14% yksx Fks] nwljs esa 77%] rhljs esa 7%] rFkk pkSFks esa 2% O;fDr FksA mu lwpuk nkrkvksa dks
ftUgksaus esgj&jkf'k nh Fkh] ;g la[;k Øe'k% izFke lewg esa 50%] nwljs esa 27%] rhljs esa 16%] rFkk pkSFks esa
7% FkhA blls Li"V gS fd rhuksa lewgksa esa fuf'pr dh x;h esgj dh jkf'k O;fDr dh vkfFkZd {kerk ls oqQN
vf/d gh Fkh ftlls yxrk gS fd 'kk;n ifr viuh iRuh o mlosQ ekrk firk dks vk'oklu nsuk pkgrk gS fd
og iRuh dks vklkuh ls rykd ugha nsxkA

ek¡xs tkus ij nh tkuh okyh esgj dh jkf'k dks (iQksjh) ¶rqjar¸ (Prompt) esgj dgrs gSa vkSj tks esgj fookg&foPNsn
osQ ckn fn;k tk;s] mls ¶LFkfxr¸ (Deferred) esgj dgrs gSaA f'k;k yksxksa esa tc dksbZ vuqcU/ (stipulation) ugha
gksrk rks esgj ¶iQksjh¸ ekuk tkrk gS] ysfdu lqfUu;ksa esa dksbZ bl izdkj dh ekU;rk ugha gksrh gSA

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