Page 97 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—5% ukrsnkjh

vkSj O;oLFkkiu dh izfØ;k dh O;k[;k dh gSA u`tkfr&Jksrksa] voyksduksa vkSj tu&lkfgR; osQ lkFk&lkFk /kfeZd uksV
xzaFkksa osQ vk/kj ij dosZ us rhu gtkj o"kZ dh vof/ dks <adrs gq;s ,d ,sfrgkfld n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k gSA dosZ
osQ rqyukRed vè;;u esa fuEufyf[kr eqís eq[; gSa %
1- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ukrsnkjh 'kCnksa dh lwfp;k¡
2- muosQ Hkk"kk;h lUnHkZ vkSj rnuq:i O;ogkj o eukso`fÙk;k¡
3- oa'k vkSj fojklr osQ fu;e

4- fookg ,oa ifjokj osQ izfreku
5- lkaLÑfrd mÙkj vkSj nzfofM+;u nf{k.k esa vUrj
Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk dks le>us osQ fy;s dosZ us Hkk"kk;h {ks=kksa esa tkfr vkSj ifjokj dks vR;f/d egÙoiw.kZ
vk/kj cryk;k gSA Hkk"kk;h tkfr vkSj ifjokj O;oLFkkvksa dks eísutj j[krs gq;s iwjs ns'k dks dosZ us mÙkjh] osQUnzh;]
nf{k.kh vkSj iwohZ {ks=kksa esa foHkkftr fd;k gSA eksVs rkSj ij ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk Hkk"kk;h izfreku ls esy [kkrh gS] ijUrq
oqQN vFkks± esa Hkk"kk ,oa ukrsnkjh dk rkyesy ugha ik;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s] egkjk"Vª ij nzfoM+ dk izHkko
gS] vkSj nzfofM+;u ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk ij mÙkjh Hkkjr esa cksyh tkus okyh lkaLÑfrd Hkk"kkvksa dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk
gSA bu dkjdksa ij vk/kfjr foHksnksa osQ gksrs gq;s Hkh nks lkekU; ckrsa bl izdkj gSa %
1- fookg lnSo ,d tkfr ;k tutkfr osQ Hkhrj gh gksrk gS] vkSj
2- fookg ekrk&firk vkSj mudh larku osQ chp rFkk lgksnjksa osQ chp oftZr gSA

5-2-5 mÙkj Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh
mÙkj Hkkjr esa nks rjg osQ ukrsnkjh 'kCn gSa % (1) jDr lacaf/;ksa osQ fy;s 'kCn] vkSj (2) fookg lacaf/;ksa osQ
fy;s 'kCnA rhu ih<+h rd osQ lehire lacaf/;ksa osQ fy;s izkFkfed 'kCn gSa vkSj ,d ih<+h osQ yksxksa osQ 'kCn
vU; ih<+h osQ yksxksa osQ fy;s cnys ugha tk ldrsA vU; lc 'kCn izkFkfed 'kCnksa ls cuk;s tkrs gSaA
mÙkj Hkkjr esa ¯l/h] iatkch] fgUnh (vkSj igkM+h)] fcgkjh] caxkyh] vleh vkSj usikyh Hkk"kh yksx o {ks=k 'kkfey
gSaA bu {ks=kksa esa izkFkfed lacaf/;ksa osQ chp ;kSu laca/ksa osQ ckjs esa tkfr] vUr%fookg] xks=k cfgfoZokg vkSj
vxE;xeu fu"ks/ osQ fu;eksa dk dBksjrk ls ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA lHkh fookg lEcU/ksa esa 'kklu osQ fu;e dks
oqQ¡th ekuk tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ ,d O;fDr vius fir` i{kh; ifjokj esa fookg ugha dj ldrk vkSj l¯iM&ca/qtuksa
ls Hkh fookg ca/u LFkkfir ugha fd;s tk ldrs gSaA czkãxh.k n`f"V ls xks=k cfgfoZokg bdkb;k¡ gSaA dHkh&dHkh
,d tkfr Hkh vUr%fookfgd ;k cfgfoZokfgd xks=kksa esa foHkkftr gksrh gS] vkSj ,sls xks=kksa esa c¡Vh jgrh gS ftudk
fookg fu;euksa esa fdlh izdkj dk ljksdkj ugha gksrk gSA xzke cfgfoZokg dh izFkk Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSA
bl izdkj mÙkj Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh dh de ls de pkj eq[; fo'ks"krk;sa ikbZ tkrh gSa % (1) {ks=kh;rk] (2)
oa'k&o`{k] (3) vxE;xeu fu"ks/] vkSj (4) LFkkuh; cfgfoZokgA tkrh; izfLFkfr ls tqM+h lhekvksa osQ dkj.k Hkh
vUr%fookg dk {ks=k lhfer gks tkrk gSA ukrsnkjh ,oa LFkku nksuksa osQ lUnHkZ esa fookg izfrcU/uksa osQ dkj.k ,d
cM+s {ks=k esa fookg djus ij jksd yx tkrh gSA fookg lEcU/ksa esa ekr`&fir` laca/h ck/kvksa vkSj LFkkuh; cfgfoZokg
fu;e dk l[rh ls vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gSA ijUrq oqQN eè;e tkfr;ksa vkSj vf/drj fuEu tkfr;ksa esa osQoy firk
vkSj ekrk osQ xks=kksa dks gh fookg lEcU/ djus esa Vkyk tkrk gSA

mÙkj Hkkjr esa czkã.kksa vkSj vU; mPp tkfr;ksa esa pkj xks=k (lk'ku) fu;e dk ikyu
fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ firk] ekrk] nknh o ukuh osQ xks=kksa osQ ifjokjksa osQ lkFk fookg
lEcU/ djuk oftZr le>k tkrk gSA

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