Page 138 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN fit/A w[|s G'iB, w[|s egV/, w[|s fojkfJP, brkB w[|s iwhB, nukBeue ;jkfJsk, w[e~dw/ ftu
;jkfJsk, nkfd ns/ iiwkBK d[nkok ihtB dh eJh ;zeN ekb gfo;fEshnK ftu ewhBK dk ;zofynD eoBk
th Pkwb j?.
iiwkBh ftt;Ek ;ko/ fgzvK ftu nkdkB^gqdkBswe (Reciprocal) BjhA j?. e'b/Avk dh wkBsk j? fe Gkos
d/ fInkdk so fgzvK ftu fJ; gqeko d/ ;zpzXK ftu gqpb ikshnK Pesh ;zs[bB nkgDh so| eo b?AdhnK
jB. :'r/Ado f;zx th ftPtk; eod/ jB fe Gkos d/ fgzv nZi^eZbQ nkofEe ;z;EktK, ;Zsk ;zouBk ns/
nzsoiksh ;zpzXK d/ noE ftu pdb oj/ jB. nkofEe gfotosB dk gqw[Zy ;q's G{wh ;[Xko j? i' fe
wfXn;Esk ;wkgsh, feokJ/dko ;[Xko, G{wh uZepzdh, G{wh d/ w[V ftsoB, ;fjekoh y/sh d/ ftek; ns/
nzso feqnk, iiwkBh ftt;Ek ns/ ;wkfie ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts ehsk j?.

Nk;e ewhB fe; Bz{ efjzd/ jB<

8H1H3 gqfswkB ns/ w[Zb
8H1H3 gqfswkB ns/ w[Zb
8H1H3 gqfswkB ns/ w[Zb
8H1H3 gqfswkB ns/ w[Zb
8H1H3 gqfswkB ns/ w[Zb
d/P ftu brGr ;ko/ y/soK ftu G[rskB dh gozgokrs ftXh fJj j? fe G[rskB c;b eZND d/ ;w/A ehsk
iKdk j?, id jo/e iwhB d/ wkbe fe;kB gfotko ftfGzB ‘ewhB’ gfotkoK Bz{ nzB d/ Bt/A T[sgkdB ftu'A
e[M Bk e[M fdzdk j?. fco th c;b d/ ;w/A dk fJj G[rskB ewhB gfotko B{z gqkgs j'D tkb/ G[rskBK dk
fJe jh fjZ;k j[zdk j?. ewhB nkgD/ wekB pBtQkT[D d/ bJh ;EkB, ikBtoK d/ uoB d/ bJh ;EkB, bZeVh
ns/ T[gb/ d/ JhAXB, n"IkoK dk eoI nkfd d/ bJh nkgD/ iiwkB T[Zs/ jh fBoGo eodk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb
^Bkb iiwkB ftfGzB ;wko'jK T[Zs/ egV/ nkfd dh G/AN th fdzdk j? ns/ nkgks ekb ftu eoI d/ o{g ftu
XB Bkb th ;jkfJsk eodk j?.
tkJhIo B/ ewhB B{z iiwkB s'A fwbD tkb/ ;skoQK gqeko d/ gqshcb$bpXhnk (Considerations) frDkJ/
jB. j?o'bv r{bv B/ th 1954^55 ftu T[Zso gqd/P d/ c?ikpkd fiZb/Q d/ P/og[o fgzv ftu ehs/ rJ/ iiwkBh
ftt;Ek T[Zs/ nkgD/ nfXn?B ftu iiwkBh pzXBK ftu fJBQK ‘bpXhnK’ B{z wjZstg{oB gkfJnk. fJBQK ftu'A
e[M ‘bpXhnK’ fJ; gqeko jBL w[|s fojkfJP, gfotko d/ bJh w[|s G'iB, w[|s egV/, gP{nK d/ bJh
w[|s G'iB, w[|s fJwkosh bZeVh, gkEhnK, brkB^w[es iwhB, eoI ;j{bsK, g{oe o'Irko d/ nt;o,
w[|s n"IkoK s/ ikBtoK dk T[g:'r, w[|s uwVk, w[e~dw/ ftu ;jkfJsk, w[|s fusk dh bZeVh ns/ eZu/
gdkoEK dk w[|s gq:'r nkfd. j?o'bv r{bv B/ iiwkBK d[nkok ‘g{oiBK’ dh ;/tktK d/ bJh G[rskB dk th
nfXn?B ehsk. T[dkjoD d/ bJh pqkjwD Bz{ jo iiwkB gfotko s'A c;b d/ ;w/A T[Zs/ gzdoK feZb' nBki
fwbdk ;hl i[bkj/ Bz{ gqsh iiwkB gzdoK feZb' nBki gqsh c;b ns/ thj o[gJ/ gqsh wjhB/ fwbdk ;h,
x[fwnko, BkJh, b[jko Bz{ gqsh gfotko gqsh c;b nZm fe~b' nBki fwbdk ;hl ns/ X'ph Bz{ jo/e c;b T[Zs/
xo ftu gqsh fJ;sqh d/ fj;kp Bkb uko feb' nBki fwbdk ;h.
fJe fgzv ftu fJe ewhB gfotko Bz{ ;kfonK iiwkBK s'A gqkgs j'D tkb/ nBki dk T[dkjoD fdzd/ j'J/ j?okbv
r{bv efjzd/ jB fe T[BQK d/ fgzv ftu T[BQK B/ gkfJnk fe fJe BkJh Bz{ gZuh fJekeh tkb/ gzdoK ;z:[es
gfotkoK s'A brGr 312 fe~b' nBki gqkgs j'fJnk. ftfGzB ikshnK ftu iiwkBh ;zpzXK Bz{ b? e/ T[BQK B/
gkfJnk fe P/og[o fgzv d/ ;ko/ iiwkBK B/ fJe ;kb ftu th ‘g[oiB’ gfotkoK Bz{ 2039 fe~b' nBki fdZsk
;h. T[; fgzv ftu 228 b'eK dh e[b iB;zfynk T[Zs/ 43 gfotko ;B. fJBQK ftu'A f;o| T[ZBh gfotko
iiwkB gfotko ;B fiBQK Bz{ ;/tktK gqkgs ;B ns/ i' nBki fdzd/ ;B. fJ; Bkb frnks j[zdk j? fe nkofEe
nzso feqnk fezBh fInkdk ;h.
ewI'o c;b tkb/ ;kb ftu fe;kB iiwkB nkgD/ ewhb gfotkoK Bz{ fInkdk nzB BjhA fdzdk, gozs{ uzrh
c;b T[Zs/ T[j T[BQK ewhB gfotkoK Bz{ e[M ckbs{ nBki d/D ftu nkBkekBh BjhA eodk fiBQK B/ T[BQK Bz{
;/tktK gqdkB ehshnK jB. i/eo ewhB iiwkB dh ;/tk ftu e[M X'y/ tkbh rZb eodk j? (fit/A b[jko T[;
d/ n"IkoK dh ;jh w[ozws BjhA eodk iK X'ph T[; d/ egV/ r[nk fdzdk j? iK ckV fdzdk j?) sK iiwkB T[;

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