Page 136 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN nfijh ftt;Ek j? fi; ftu ;zg{oB ;w[dkfJe ihtB ftu jo/e iksh Bz{ fJe G{fwek fBGkT[Dh j[zdh j?.
fJ; G{fwek ftu nkofEe, ;wkfie ns/ B?fse ezw j[zd/ jB.
‘iiwkB’ Ppd dk gq:'r w{b o{g s'A T[; n;kwh (Client) d/ bJh ehsk iKdk ;h fi; d/ bJh pqkjwD g[ikoh
Xkofwe g{ik s/ eoweKv (Rituals) eod/ ;B, gozs{ pknd ftu fJj ftfPPN ;/tktK Bz{ gqkgs eoB tkb/
ftnesh ns/ ;zofyne d/ bJh gq:'r ehsk ikD brk. phvbw?B B/ fejk j? fe ‘;/tkdkoK’ noEks uhIK
ns/ ;/tktK gqdkB eoB tkfbnK d/ bJh ‘ewhB’ Ppd d/ nbktk fGzB y/soK ftu j'o Ppd fit/A g[oiB,
goXkB, nkfd th gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?.

B'N; iiwkBh ftt;Ek fJe ftsoB ftt;Ek j? fi; ftu T[Zu iksh d/ iwhB d/ wkbe gfotkoK
Bz{ BhthA iksh d/ b'eK d/ d[nkok ;/tktK gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK jB.

8H1H1 iiwkBh ;zpzX
8H1H1 iiwkBh ;zpzX
8H1H1 iiwkBh ;zpzX
8H1H1 iiwkBh ;zpzX
8H1H1 iiwkBh ;zpzX
edh^edh uhIK dh ng{osh (Supply) d/ nkXko T[Zs/ d' iK d' s'A fInkdk ikshnK d/ ;zpzX ;zftdkswe
j' ;ed/ jB, fezs{ iiwkBh BjhA. T[dkjoD bJh fi; i[bkj/ Bz{ T[; dh pDkJh j'Jh ns/ t/uh j'Jh t;s{
d/ bJh Bed G[rskB ehsk iKdk j?, T[j gqEk d/ nB[;ko c;b ftu'A fjZ;/ dk nfXekoh BjhA j[zdk j?. T[j
Bk ‘ewhB’ jB ns/ Bk jh yohdD tkbk T[; dk ‘iiwkB’. fco, iiwkBh ;zpzXK ftu e[M nfijh ;/tktK
ns/ uhIK j' ;edhnK jB fiBQK dk nB[pzX (Contract) j[zdk j? ns/ nb~r s'A G[rskB th T[dkjoD d/ bJh
fgzv ftu oZ;h pDkT[D tkbh iiwkBh ftt;Ek d/ nzsors fe;kB Bz{ ;kohnK io{oh oZ;hnK dh g{osh eod/
jB, f;o| T[; oZ;h d/ i' y{j ftu T[g:'rh j[zdh j? ns/ ek|h bzwh ns/ w'Nh j[zdh j?. fe;kB Bz{ T[; d/
bJh nb~r s'A G[rskB d/Dk j[zdk j?.
iiwkBh ;zpzXK ftu Xkofwe feqsK, ;wkfie ;woEB ns/ nkofEe nkdkB^gqdkB ;ko/ dk ;wkt/P j?. ;/
te ikshnK iiwkB d/ xo iBw, ftnkj, ns/ fwqs{ d/ nt;oK T[Zs/ Xkofwe ;z;ekfoe ;wko'jK ftu coIK
dk gkbB eod/ jB. vhHn?BH wi{wdko B/ T[Zso gqd/P d/ byBT{ fiZb/Q d/ fJe fgzv dh okig{s iksh d/ mke[o
gfotko dk T[dkjoD ehsk j? fi; ftu d; ftfGzB ikshnK d/ gfotko ihtB u~eo^gE d/ ;z;ekoK (Life-
cycle rites) dh g{osh d/ bJh mke[o gfotko dh ;/tk ftu br/ j[zd/ jB. T[dkjoD bJh pkbe d/ iBw dh
dknts d/ ;w/A pqkjwD BkweoB ;z;eko eokT[Adk j?, ;[Bko Btiks fPP{ d/ bJh ;'B/ d/ rfjD/ T[gbpX
eokT[Adk j?, X'ph rzd/ egV/ X'Adk j?, BkJh ;zd/P tkjB dk ezw eodk j?, yksh T[j g~Nk pDkT[Adk j? fi;
go pZu/ Bz{ BkweoB d/ bJh fpmkfJnk iKdk j?, b[jko b'j/ dk eVk pDkT[Adk j?, x[fwnko e[~bQV nkfd gkDh
ghD ns/ ;pIhnK nkfd oZyD d/ bJh T[gbpX eokT[Adk j?, gk;h G'iB d/ bJh gZs+K i[NkT[Adk j? ns/
Gzrh dknts d/ pknd ;ckJh dk ezw eodk j?. T[j ;ko/ b'e i' fJ; gqeko ;fj:'r eod/ jB T[gjko o{g
ftu G'iB, egV/ ns/ XB gqkgs eod/ jB i' nKfPe o{g s'A gqEk T[Zs/, nKfPe o{g Bkb iiwkB d/ nkofEe
g~Xo T[Zs/ ns/ nKfPe o{g s'A gqkgs eosk dh p/Bsh T[Zs/ fBoGo eodk j?.
‘ewhB’ (BhthA ikshnK) i' nkgD/ ‘iiwkBK’ (T[Zu ikshnK) Bz{ ftfPPN e[Pbsk ns/ ;/tktK gqdkB eod/
jB, nkg th d{finK s'A uhIK ns/ ;/tktK ukj[zd/ jB. j?o'bv r{bv d/ nB[;ko fJj BhthAnK ikshnK iK sK
gqsZy o{g s'A Pqw d/ nkdkB^gqdkB d[nkok XB iK t;s{ d/ o{g ftu G[rskB d/ wkfXnw Bkb nkgDh nkg
dh iiwkBh ftt;Ek eo b?Ad/ jB. wfXnw ikshnK th BhthA ikshnK d/ ;wkB jh iK sK ;/tktK d/ pdb/
Bed G[rskB d/ o{g ftu iK ;/tktK d/ nkdkB^gqdkB d/ o{g ftu fJe d{i/ d/ gqsh coIK dk gkbB eodhnK
jB.
ewhB nkgD/ iiwkBK Bz{ Bk e/tb uhIK T[gbpX eokT[Ad/ jB pbfe T[BQK d/ bJh T[j ezw th eod/ jB i'
T[BQK B/ (iiwkBK Bz{) ngftZso eodhnK jB, T[dkjoD bJh (X'ph d[nkok) rzd/ egfVnK dk X'Dk, (BkJh
d[nkok) tkbK dk eZNDk, (B?D d[nkok) pZu/ dk iBw fdtkT[Dk, ns/ (Gzrh d[nkok) fJPBkB rqfj$P"u xo

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