Page 141 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^8L iiwkBh ftnt;Ek
fJekJh^8L iiwkBh ftnt;Ek
fJekJh^8L iiwkBh ftnt;Ek
fJekJh^8L iiwkBh ftnt;Ek
fJekJh^8L iiwkBh ftnt;Ek
Bz{ fdZsk ikD tkbk XB iK nBki fJzBk xZN j? fe ewhB Bz{ j'o ;kXBK s'A nkgDh nkwdB tXkT[D bJh BØN
wip{o j'Dk g?Adk j?. d{i/ gk;/ iiwkBh gZXo edh th iwhB d/ nXko T[Zs/ nwho j'D (Landed
aristocracy) se ;hws BjhA fojk j?. (fJE'A se fe g[okDh ftt;Ek ftu th BjhA). ftfGzB ikshnK d/
b'eK Bz{ iiwkB pDB d/ nt;o ;B. gozs{ iiwkB j'dk ns/ toswkB gqGktPkbh okiBhfse ftt;Ek dk
nzr j'Dk nkgD/ nkg ftu ;jkt;kBh (Conterminous) BjhA ;h. okiBhfse ;z;eoD ftu w?ApofPg sK
f;o| PeshPkbh ;fEsh gqkgs eoB dk ;kXB ;h fi; Bkb iiwkB j'D ftu ;jkfJsk fwbdh ;h. fJj
fJewkso ;kXB edh BjhA fojk.
iiwkB j'D dk noE ;h o{VQhtkdh fjzd{ j'Dk fi; dh w[~b ftt;Ek e[M ftfPPN ;/tkdkoK (nEtk ;/tk eosk
ikshnK) Bz{ fB:[es eoBk io{oh wzBdh ;h. fiwhAdko j'D dk noE ;h Pk;e tor dk w?Apo j'Dk (j?okbv
r{bv). iiwkB ewhB dk P'Pe BjhA ;h, Gkt/A fiwhAdko P'Pe j' ;edk ;h. iiwkB j'D dh fJ~Sk oyDk
Bk sK ;kwzsh ;fEsh gqkgs eoB dh fJ~Sk j? ns/ bk jh ewI'o tor d/ P'PD dh fJ~Sk j?, T[BQK ;z;ekoK
s/ eoweKvK dk gkbB eoB ns/ T[; ihtB g~Xsh dh fJ~Sk j? fi; ftu ngftZsosk s'A d{o ofjDk io{oh
j[zdk j?.
8H2H1 iiwkBh gqEk ftu gfotosB
8H2H1 iiwkBh gqEk ftu gfotosB
8H2H1 iiwkBh gqEk ftu gfotosB
8H2H1 iiwkBh gqEk ftu gfotosB
8H2H1 iiwkBh gqEk ftu gfotosB
iiwkBh ftt;Ek j'o ftt;EktK Bkb ;zpzfXs j?, fit/A iksh ftt;Ek, Xow ftt;Ek, iwhB d/ wkbekBk
jZe dh ftt;Ek, Bks/dkoh ftt;Ek ns/ fgzv dh okiBhfse ;zouBk. ;' fJBQK ;kfonK ftt;EktK ftu
gfotosB Bkb toswkB ftu iiwkBh ftt;Ek dh ekoi gqDkbh th gqGkts j'Jh j?. rs gzi^S/ dPeK
ftu ;wki ftu w[Zy gfotosB fiBQK B/ iiwkBh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts ehsk j? T[j fJ; gqeko jB — fgzvk
d/ pI[orK dh gfoPdK dh PeshnK ftu ewh j'Dk, ewhB d[nkok fdZsh ikD tkbhnK ;/tktK T[Zs/ c?eNoh
ftt;Ek s/ T[d:'rheoB dk gqGkt, iksh ftt;Ek dh ;\skJh ftu gfotosB, f;fynk dk ft;sko,
wfXnw ns/ BhthAnK ikshnK d/ b'eK dk feZs/ ns/ G"fse ;[y^;kXBK dh y'i ftu PfjoK dh so| gbkfJD,
ikrhodkoh ftt;Ek dk ysw j'Dk, G{wh ;[XkoK dk bkr{ j'Dk, Pfjoh y/soK ftu uzr/ o'Irko fwb ikDk,
nkX[fBe :ksk:ks d/ ;kXBK dh T[gbpXh d/ ekoD pkIko ;zpzX b?D^d/D ;ob j' ikDk, nkfd. fJBQK ;kfonK
ekoDK Bkb fInkdkso fgzvK ftu iiwkBh ftt;Ek dk nfXekokgfjoD (Supplantation) j'fJnk j?. idfe
e[M fgzvK ftu fJj fpbe[b ;wkgs j' rJh j?. ekohro nkgD/ wkb d/ bJh g?;k b?Dk fInkdk uzrk wzBd/
jB. g?;/ tkb/ fe;kB Bed G[rskB d/ e/ pkIko s'A uzrh fe;w dh uhIK yohdDk fInkdk g;zd eod/ jB.
gqpb iksh (Dominant Caste) nkgD/ ;woEB d/ bJh ewhB T[Zs/ fBoGo ofjD dh ng/ePk okiBhfse
;jkfJsk wzrDk g;zd eodh j?. ;' fJ; ftu e'Jh j?okBh BjhA j? fe toswkB ftu iiwkBh ftt;Ek pj[s
ewI'o j' rJh j?. fJoktsh eot/ ns/ tkJhHphH vkwb/ B/ 1962 ftu wjkokPNo d/ gzi fgzvK ftu ehs/ rJ/
nkgD/ ;ot/yD ftu d'^fsjkJh T[ZsodksktK Bz{ ns/ p'; ns/ i'Xk B/ g~Swh oki;EkB d/ pkVw/o fiZb/Q ftu
1962 ftu ehs/ rJ/ nkgD/ ;ot/yD ftu 86# T[ZsodksktK Bz{ iiwkBh ftt;Ek d/ gZy ftu gkfJnk
feT[Afe T[BQK Bz{ nkofEe bkG, Xkofwe s/ eoweKvh ;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk, r[NpkIh ;zxoPK ftu e[M iwhB
d/ wkfbe gfotkoK dk ;woEB ns/ w[Peb ;w/A ftu ;ozfynD, nkfd bkG gqkgs j[zd/ ;B. fco th
tk;sftesk fJj j? fe gozgokrs iiwkBh ;zpzX j[D nZi^eZbQ pj[s ewI'o j' rJ/ jB. g/Av{ noE ftt;Ek
j[D iiwkBh ftt;Ek s'A finkdk BjhA ubdh j?. phvbw?B th fJ; ftuko d/ jB fe iiwkBh ftt;Ek fBeN
GftZy ftu ihts oj/rh, fJj ;zd/jkswe j?.
;t^w[bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[bKeD
;t^w[bKeD
;t^w[bKeD
;t^w[bKeD
2H ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the blanks)— —— —
2H ykbh ;EkB Go' —
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
(i) HHHHHHHHHHHHHH iiwkB Bz{ P'Pe ns/ ewhB Bz{ P'fPs wzBd/ jB.
(ii) HHHHHHHHHHHH w{b s"o s/ fjZe nkofEe s/ okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ;wo{g tor BjhA j?, pbfe fjZe
Xkofwe^nkofEe ;ztor j?.
(iii) HHHHHHHHHHHHH nkgDh ihtek d/ bJh nkgD/ iiwkBK T[Zs/ g{oh soQK fBoGo BjhA j[zd/.
(iv) HHHHHHHHHHHH iiwkB dh fjZe ;wkfie Pq/Dh Bk j'e/ fjZe Xkofwe nkofEe P/qDh j?.

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