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;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN n"osK d/ dwB ns/ P'PD Bz{ u[B"sh BjhA fd~sh j?. g[oP^fJ;soh ;zpzX fB:zsoD^fB:zsfos ;zpzX
d/ o{g ft~u pD/ j'J/ jB. fJ; bJh n~i th iksh, tor ns/ g[oP^n"os ;zpzXK ftueko fBeN dk
pzXB j?. fco th fgSb/ e[M ;kbK ft~u n"osK d[nkok ;wkBsk gqkgs eoB dh fJ~Sk t~v/ g?wkB/ T[Zs/
gqrN ehsh rJh j?. wjKBroK ns/ t~v/ PfjoK ft~u fJ; dk w{os gqGkt th fgnk j?. fJ; ;wkfie
y/so ft~u j'o th pj[s ezw eoD dh Io{os j?.
9H6 Ppde'P
9H6 Ppde'P
9H6 Ppde'P
9H6 Ppde'P (Keywords)
9H6 Ppde'P
nkswktw[bnB^
nkswktw[bnB^
nkswktw[bnB^nkgDk ntw{bB eoBk.
nkswktw[bnB^
• nkswktw[bnB^
ntwkBBk^
• ntwkBBk^
ntwkBBk^ntfrnk, ngwkB, fso;eko.
ntwkBBk^
ntwkBBk^
T[gPwB^
T[gPwB^
• T[gPwB^
T[gPwB^
T[gPwB^PKs eoBk, PKs j'Dk, fBtkoD.
gokB[G{sh^
• gokB[G{sh^
gokB[G{sh^d{i/ dh nB[G{sh.
gokB[G{sh^
gokB[G{sh^
9H7 nfGnk; gqPB
9H7 nfGnk; gqPB
9H7 nfGnk; gqPB
9H7 nfGnk; gqPB
9H7 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
1H Gkos ft~u fbzr^G/d dh ;fEsh dk ftt/uB eo'.
2H gqkuhB Gkos ft~u n"osK dh ;fEsh dk ;zy/g toDB eo'.
3H Gkos ft~u n"osK dh eh ;fEsh j?< ft;sko ;fjs ftnkfynk eo'.
4H n"osK d/ fto[~X j'D tkbh fjz;k dk toDB eo'.
5H n"osK dh g[oPK Bkb ;wkBsk dh y'i s'A s[jkvk eh wsbp j?<
6H n"osK dh ;fEsh Bz{ T[Zuk eoD ft~u fJ;soh ;zrmBK ns/ ;wkfie nzd'bBK B/ fe; gqeko dk :'rdkB
fd~sk j?<
7H Gkos ft~u P'PD ns/ dwB s'A n"osK Bz{ w[es eotkUD bJh ssekfbe T[gkfJnK dk toDB eo'.
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
1. (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (a) (iv) (c)
2. (i) fBoze[P nfXgfsn (ii) wfjbk ;zrmBK (iii) p/s/Jh
(iv) G{fwek (v) fJfsjk;e s~E
3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
9H8 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H8 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H8 ;zdoG g[;seK
9H8 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
9H8 ;zdoG g[;seK
p[e; 1H n?wH n?B PqhfBtk;, ;'Pb u/Ai fJB wkovoB fJzvhnk, fpqeb/ :{Bhtof;Nh nkc e?bhc'oBhnk
:{Bhtof;Nh gq?;, 1996 .
2H thA;/N J/H ;fwE, fj;Nqh Uc fJzvhnk bzdBL nke;c'ov :{Bhtof;Nh gq?;, 1970 .
3H ;hH NhH yzBk, fJzNo ek;N n?Av fJzNo efwT{fBNh w?foi fJB fJzvhnk, gkg[bo p[e
fvg', pKp/, 1960 .
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