Page 208 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN ftu T[go dh soc nrq;o j[zdh j?.” (1962L42). ;z;feqsheoD dk fJj d{ik ftuko fInkdk ft;fsqs j?
feT[Afe ;qhfBtk; B/ gfjbh gfoGkPk ftu G'iB dh nkdsK, ;z;ekoK ns/ Xkofwe gqEktK d/ Beb dh rZb
ehsh j?. gozs{ pknd ftu T[BQK B/ ftukoK d/ Beb dh th r~b ehsh j?. (fi; ftu eow, Xow, gkg,
g[zB s/ w'y nkfd d/ ftuko th Pkwb jB.)

B'N; ;K;feqse fJe nfijh gqfeqnk j? fi; d/ d[nkok BhthA iksh, iBiksh iK j' ;w{j nkgDh
gqEktK, eoweKvK (rituals), ftukoXkoktK (ideology) ns/ ihtB^ftXh (way of life)
Bz{ pdb e/ dfti iksh (twice-born caste) dh fdPk ftu nrq;o j[zdh j?.

BhthA ikshnK d[nkok T[Zu ikshnK ns/ pqkjwDK dh gqEktK ns/ nkdsK dh Beb dh gqfeqnk ftu id edh
BhthA ikshnK d/ b'e e[M nfij/ nkuoDK Bz{ ngDkT[Ad/ jB i' toswkB ftt/eh wkBdzvK d/ nB[;ko n~S/ s/
gqekoikswe (functional) ;wM/ iKd/ jB. sd T[j T[BQK fotkiK$gqEktK Bz{ wkBsk Bk wzB e/ T[BQK d/ ;EkB
s/ pqkjwDK d/ T[BQK ehwsK ns/ ftukoK Bz{ rqfjD eod/ jB i' fe toswkB gZXo d/ nB[;ko ngwkBiBe
(degrading) ns/ ftekoikswe (dysfunctinoal) ;wM/ iKd/ jB. ;qhfBtk; B/ w?;{o d/ nkgD/ nfXn?B
s'A e[M T[dkjoD fds/ jB. BhthA ikshnK fJ;sqhnK d/ gqsh nfGftqshnK, ns/ ftnkj, :"B, nkfd wkwfbnK
ftu T[dko jz[dh j?. T[j sbke, ftXtk^ftnkj ns/ :"B ftef;s d/ pknd ftnkj dh nkfrnk fdzdh j?.
fezs{ pqkjwD :"B ftef;s s'A gfjbK (pre-puberty) ftnkj Bz{ ftT[jko ftu fbnkT[Ad/ jB, ftnkj Bz{
nkftfSzB (indissoluble) wzBd/ jB, ftXtk g[Bo ftnkj Bz{ o'ed/ jB. T[j ftXtk Bz{ nkG{PB s/ ;ki
fPqzrko s/ nZu/ t;so gfjBD s'A o'ed/ jB ns/ f;o w[zvtkT[D dh f;ckfoP eod/ jB. T[j d[bjD ftu
ez[tkokgB (virginity), gsBhnK ftu ;[fusk$ftP[~Xsk (chastity), ns/ ftXtktK ftu ;ziw ns/ nksw
fBnzsoD d/ g~yXo jB. gozs{ BhthA iksh fit/A^fit/A ;z;soD ftu T[mdh j? ns/ fJ;d/ sohe/ fInkdk
;z;feqshfeqs j[zd/ iKd/ jB, fJj :"B ns/ ftnkj ftP/ T[s/ pqkjwDK d/ nkuoD rqfj eoB brdhnK jB.
;z;feqsheoD dk Bshik fJ;sqhnk d/ gqsh em'osk dk ftT[jko j[zdk j?. n:[esh;zrs (irational) nkuoD
ngDkT[D dk fJe j'o T[dkjoD fJj j? fe fJe pqkjwD ns/ T[Zu iksh fjzd{ gsBh Bz{ nkfdPN (enjoined)
ehsk iKdk j? fe T[j nkgD/ gsh Bz{ d/tsk wzB/. gsBh s'A ng/ePk ehsh iKdh j? fe ftnkj nkgD/ gsh
d/ G'iB eoB d/ pknd G'iB eo/, nkgD/ gsh dh bzph T[wo d/ bJh nB/e tos XkoD eo/, g[~so gqkgsh
Bz{ Xkofwe io{os wzB/ nkfd. ;z;feqsheoD ftu BhthA ikshnK d[nkok fJBQK ftPtk;K ns/ nkuoD$ohshnK
Bz{ ngDkT[Dk nkT[Adk j?. ;' fJj T[dkjoD fJzrs eod/ jB fe ;z;feqsheoD f;oc T[Zu ikshnK, ftP/Peo
pqkjwDK dh gqEktK, ohshnK, nkdsK ehwsK dk nzBk s/ nftt/eh Beb eoBk j?.
eh fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe n;z;feqsheoD (de-sanskritization) dh gqfeqnk th ;zGt j?< ;qhfBtk; dk
wzBDk j? fe “fJj nebgBh BjhA j/ fe Beb eoB tkbh ikshnK dk n;z;feqsheoD th edh^edh j' ;edk
j?.”
12H2H2 ;z;feqsheoD dh pqkjwDheoD
12H2H2 ;z;feqsheoD dh pqkjwDheoD
12H2H2 ;z;feqsheoD dh pqkjwDheoD
12H2H2 ;z;feqsheoD dh pqkjwDheoD
12H2H2 ;z;feqsheoD dh pqkjwDheoD
;qhfBtk; B/ ‘;z;feqsheoD’ Ppd Bz{ ‘pqkjwDheoD’ s'A fInkdk gqkEfwesk fdsh j?. T[BQK B/ fJ;d/ e[M ekoD
fds/ jBL (1) ;z;feqsheoD Ppd ft;fsqs jB, idfe pqkjwDheoD Ppd ;zehoD s/ ;hws jB. tk;st
ftu pqkjwDheoD ;z;feqsheoD dh ftnkge gqfeqnk ftu Pkwb jB. T[dkjoD bJh, t?fde ekb ftu
pqkjwD ;'w o; dk gkB eod/ ;B, wK; yKd/ ;B ns/ gP{ pbh uVkT[Ad/ ;B. gozs{ T[BQK B/ fJj nkuoD
T[Zso t?fde ekb ftu fsnkr fdsk, PkfJd nfijk T[BQK B/ i?B ns/ p"X Xow d/ gqGkt ftu nk e/ ehsk.
nZi fInkdkso pqkjwD Pkekjko ns/ BPk fBP/Xh jBl e/tb ePwhoh, pzrkbh ns/ ;ko;ts pqkjwD
wK;kjkoh (non-vegetarian) G'iB eod/ jB. i/eo ‘pqkjwDheoD’ Ppd dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j? sK fJj
d~;D dh io{os th g?Adh j? fe fejV/ pqkjwD d/ ftP/ ftu fejk ik fojk j?. (2) ;zdoG ;w{j iK ;z;feqsheoD

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