Page 210 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN 7H Gkos ftu ;wkfie gfotosD dh r~b ;z;feqsheoD s/ g~SwheoD d/ ;zdoG ftu eoB dk noE j?,
T[;dh ftnkfynk gqw[~ysk ;K;feqse noEK ftu eoBk Bk fe ;zouBk d/ noE ftu. ;qhfBtk; B/ th
wzfBnK j? fe ;z;feqsheoD ftu iksh ftnt;Ek d/ nzsors ;fEshJ/ (positional) gfotosD
;zouBk ;zpzX gfotosD d/ fpBk jh j[zdk j?.

8H ;z;feqsheoD ftu ;w{j dh T[Zu ;fEsh dh T[gbpXh ibdh BjhA j[zdh. ;w{j B{z nfBPfus ekb se
fJzsiko eoBh j[zdh j? ns/ fJ; ntXh ftu T[; Bz{ nkgD/ dkt/ d/ bJh fBozso dpkt pDk e/ oyDk
g?Adk j?. fJ; dkt/ Bz{ ;theko eoB dh P[o{nks eoB ftu fJe iK d' ghVh dk ;w/A th br ;edk
j?. eJh wkwfbnK ftu iksh dk dktk bzp/ nzsokb d/ pknd th ;thfeqs BjhA j[zdk. eJh tko nfijk
th j[zdk j? fe fJj dktk fJe ;w/A iK ;EkB ftu ;co Bk j'J/, go d{i/ ;EkB s/ j'o ;w/A ftu ;feheko
eo fbnk ikt/.
;z;feqsheoD BhthA iksh Bz{ T[Zu gd gqkgsh ;jkfJe Bk th j'D, sd th fJj T[BQK wk; ykD, nP[~X fe~fsnK
Bz{ pdbD, BPkgkB pzd eoB ns/ e[M ;K;feqse gozgoktK, ftPtk;K s/ d/tsktK Bz{ ngDkT[D s' s/ BjhA
o'edk. fJ; gqeko rshPhbsk d/ byP Bz{ gkqgs ehs/ fpBk th ;z;feqsheoD dh gqfeqnk b'efgqn pDh ofj
;edh j?.
12H2H4 ;z;feqsheoD d/ gq's;kjB d/ ekoe
12H2H4 ;z;feqsheoD d/ gq's;kjB d/ ekoe
12H2H4 ;z;feqsheoD d/ gq's;kjB d/ ekoe
12H2H4 ;z;feqsheoD d/ gq's;kjB d/ ekoe
12H2H4 ;z;feqsheoD d/ gq's;kjB d/ ekoe
;z;feqsheoD B{z ;zGt pDkT[D tkb/ ekoe jBl T[fd:'rheoD, ftnt;kfJe rshPhbsk, ftef;s ;zuko
ftnt;Ek, ;kyosk dk gq;ko ns/ g~Swh g'qfd:'freh. fJ; ftu j?okBh Bjh fe ;z;feqs Xkofwe ftukoK
dk fpqfNP ekb ftu j'fJnk. ;zuko ;kXBK d/ ftek; d/ Bkb ;z;fesheoD T[BQK y/soK ftu ubk frnk i'
gfjbK nrzw (inaccessible) ;B ns/ ;kyosk d/ ft;sko B/ fJ; gqfeqnk Bz{ iksh ;z;soD ftu BhthA
ikshnK se Bz{ nkGk; eok fdsk. ;qhfBtk; B/ fJe ftfPPN ekoe dk T[b/y ehsk j?. fi; B/ BhthA ikshnK
ftu ;z;feqsheoD Bz{ c?bkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh j?. fJj (ekoe) j? eoweKvh (ritual) feqnktK s'A wzso
T[ukoB dh nb~rsk fi;d/ ekoD pqkjwDK d/ ;z;eko ;ko/ fjzd{nK ikshnK ns/ nS{sK Bz{ th gqkgs j'J/ rJ/. pqkjwDK
d[nkok i' r?o^dfti (non twice born) ikshnK T[s/ gqshpzX brkJ/ rJ/ ;B, T[BQK B/ e/tb t?fde wzso
T[ukoD T[s/ gkpzdh (ban) brkJh ;h. fJ; soQK BhthA iksh d/ b'e th pqkjwDK d/ ;wkfie nkuko ftuko
Bz{ ;obsk Bkb ngDk ;e/. fJ; Bkb ;z;feqsheoD j'o th ftT[jkoe pD frnk. ;qhfBtk; d/ nB[;ko ;z;dh
gqikszso dh okiBhfse ;z;Ek B/ th ;z;feqsheoD dh ftqXh Bz{ tkXk fdsk j?. (1985L49).
12H2H5 g~SwheoD dh ntXkoDk
12H2H5 g~SwheoD dh ntXkoDk
12H2H5 g~SwheoD dh ntXkoDk
12H2H5 g~SwheoD dh ntXkoDk
12H2H5 g~SwheoD dh ntXkoDk
fJ; ntXkoDK dk ;zdoG r?o^g~Swh ;wki dh gq'fd:'freh ;z;EktK ftukoXkoktK s/ ehwsK ftu gfotosD
s'A j? i' bzp/ ;w/A se g~Swh ;wki d/ ;K;feqse ;zgoeK dk cb j?. Gkosh ;wki dk T[dkjoD fdzd/ j'J/
seBheh gfotosD, f;fynk ;z;EkBtK dh ;EkgBk, okPNohnsk dk T[d/, ns/ fJe BthA okiBhfse
;z;feqsh nkfd dk g~SwheoD Gkos ftu d' ;" ;kbK d/ fpqfNP Pk;B dk jh gqshcb fejk ik ;edk j?.
g~SwheoD d/ gqw[Zy byPD fJ; gqeko jBL (1) seBheheoD ns/ :[eshtkd (rationalism) T[s/ pb (2)
fJ; (g~SwheoD) gqfenk T[s/ ;z;feqsheoD dk gqshe{b gqGkt BjhA j? pbfe e[M ;hwk se fJj fJ;Bz{
g'qs;kfjs eodh j?. ;qhftk; B/ gfjbK fejk ;h fe ;z;feqsheoD g~SwheoD dh G{fwek j?. gozs{ pknd ftu
T[BQK B/ nkgDk fJj ftuko pdfbnk ns/ fejk fe fJj io{oh BjhA fe g~SwheoD d/ g{ot ;z;feqsheoD
nkJ/. gozs{ d'tK gqfeqnktK fJe d{i/ Bkb i[VhnK j'JhnK jB. Je Bz{ d{i/ d/ fpBk ;wMDk ;zGt BjhA j?.
j?o'bv r{bv (harold gould) B/ th fejk fe pqkjwDK ns/ j'o T[Zu ikshnK d/ bJh ;z;feqsheoD ;z;feqs
j' ojh BhthA ikshnK s'A d{oh pDk e/ oyD dk fJe :sB j?. fJ; gqeko fJe noE ftu pqkjwD Bht/A ;w{jK
s'A d{o G~i oj/ jB i' T[BQK Bz{ cVD dk :sB eo oj/ jB.
Gkos ftu g~SwheoD dk ;o{g ns/ rsh nb~r^nb~r y/soK ftu ns/ iB;zfynk d/ eJh GkrK ftu nb~r^nb~r
gkJh rJh j?. T[dkjoD bJh, iB;zfynk dk fJe ;w{j nkgD/ t;soK, G'iB, ftT[jko, GkPk, y/v^e{d ns/ S'N/
fpibh wPhBK d/ T[g:'r ftu g~Swhfeqs j' frnk, id fe d{i/ ;w{j B/ g~SwheoD d/ pkjoh gqGktK s'A nS{s/
ofj e/ th g~Swh d/ ftfrnkB, frnkB, ;kfj~s nkfd Bz{ nksw;ks ehsk. fit/A pqkjwDK B/ t/P G{Pk ns/ pkjoh

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