Page 227 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

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fJekJh^12L gfotosD dhnK gqfeqnktK
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ikshrs ;zouBk T[s/ nkXkos ;wkfie toiBktK nkX[fBe ghVh d[nkok n;thfeqs eo fdsh rJhnK jB. BØN
gqd{PD ns/ ftP[~Xsk d'tK dh ;zebgBk j[D fPfEb j' rJh j? ns/ x~N gqGkth j?. j[D ;[szso ;wkfie
;fjfeqnk j[zdh j?. Gkosh iksh ftnt;Ek ;zouBk dh nBwBhnsk BPN j' ojh j?. e'Jh th iksh j[D e'Jh
fe~sk eo ;edh j?. pqkjwD dh G{fwek x~N j' rJh j?. G'iB ns/ gkB T[s/ j[D e'Jh gqshpzX BjhA ofj rJ/
jB. Gkosh ;wki j[D fInkdk w[es jB.
j'o wj~stg{oD y/so fJ~E/ Xow fBog/ysk dk gqGkt doPBh j? T[j Xkofwe B/sktK dh ;fEsh ftP/ne j?
i' okiBhfse y/so ftu gqGktPkbh fw~so oyd/ jB. Xkofwe j;shnK, uzdok;tkwh ;oeko d/ ftfBPu/
fBowkD Bz{ gqGkts eod/ jB. okiBhfse B/sk th okiBhfse ;w~f;nktK d/ jb ftu Xkofwe r[o{nK dh
pdbdh G{fwek ftP/ne nfXn?B Xow fBog/ysk ;zpzX ;kfj~s ftu w[~btkB :'rdkB j't/rk.

fJj th efjDk n;zrs BjhA j't/rk fe id fe Xow fBog/ysk Bz{ Gkosh ;zftXkB d[nkok fJe nw[~b nkdoP
x'fPs ehsk frnk, fJj P'e dh r~b j? fe Xow fBog/ysk Bz{ toswkB B/sktK d/ d[nkok t'N dh okiBhsh
dk nzr pDk fdsk frnk j? fi;d/ gq:'r Bkb T[j fto'Xh db Bz{ ;zgodkfJe d;d/ jB ns/ nkgD/ Bz{ Xow
fBog/y. ;ko/ okiBhfse db Xow fBog/ysk dh PgE u[ed/ jB gozs{ pj[s eo{g Xowtkd dk gquko eod/
jB. okiBhfse B/sk fe;/ ftfPPN Xkofwe ;w{j dh t'NK gqkgs eoB bJh T[; Xow d/ ;EkBe B/sk d/
gqGkt dk gq:'r eod/ jB. Xkofwe r[o{ j[D u'D bVd/ jB ns/ u'D dh y/v fi~sD bJh ;G gqeko d/ rbs
;kXBK dk gq:'r eod/ jB. e/;oh ozr d/ t;so XkoD ehs/ ;kX{nK dk ;z;d ftu gqt/P doPeK ftu p?m/
ftneshnK d/ bJh nkeoPe fdqP j?. Xow fBog/ysk d/ pko/ ftu bzw/ u"V/ ftnkfynkBK ns/ ekBz{Bh
ekotkjhnK d/ T[gozs ;~u fJj j? fe Gkosh iBsk B/ nkgD/ fdqPNhe'D ftu ni/ se Xow fBog/ysk Bz{
nkdoP wzB e/ ;EkB BjhA fdsk j?. fJ;dk gq:'r ;tkoE^f;~Xh bJh ;kXB o{g ftu ehsk ik fojk j?.

12H5 t?PtheoD t?PtheoD
12H5 t?PtheoD
12H5 t?PtheoD (Globalisation)
12H5
12H5 t?PtheoD
nfws Gkd[Vh
nfws Gkd[Vh
nfws Gkd[Vh
t?PtheoD dh gqfeqnk ;kv/ fJE/ j'o nfBnzso th nkofEe ;[XkoK d/ Bkb i[Vh j'Jh j?. nfws Gkd[Vhnfws Gkd[Vh
ns/ dhge BJhno efjzd/ jB fe Gkos ;oeko B/ fi; T[dkoheoD dh Bhsh Bz{ ngDkfJnk j? T[j nkgD/
nkg ftu fJe o{Vhtkdh ftnt;Ek j?. fJ; Bhsh d/ ekoD t?PtheopD jkb ftu Bt/A nk:kwK Bz{ gj[zu
fojk j?. fJBQK noE Pk;sohnK d/ nB[;ko t?PtheoD d/ fszB wj~stg{oD nkofEe gfjb{ jB. gfjbk sK
gfjb{ fJj j? fe fJ; Bkb :kfB t?PtheoD s'A nzsookPNoh pkiko y[b frnk j?. j[D e'Jh th ftnesh
d/P d/ fe;/ th e'B/ s'A d{i/ d/P d/ fe;/ th e'B/ d/ Bkb tgko eo ;edk j?. t?PtheoD dk d{ik gfjb{ fJj
j? fe j[D nzsookPNoh fBt/P (International Investment) ;obsk Bkb ehsk ik ;edk j?. fe;/ th d/
P dk ftnesh ;kv/ fJ~E/ T[d:'r ubkT[D bJh ekoykBk y'bQD d/ bJh g{zih brk ;edk j?. fJe shik gfjb{
j'o j? s/ T[j fJj fe noEftnt;Ek ftu nzsookPNoh wkfJe ;jkfJsk Bz{ ezw ftu fbnk ik ;edk j?.
fJ; GKsh nro n;hA nkofEe ;zdoP ftu d/yhJ/ sK t?PtheoD B/ Gkos d/ noE pkiko ftu fszB BthA
gqfeqnktK nkozG eo fdshnK jBL

1H y[~bk nzsookPNoh tgko (Open International Trade)
2H nzsookPNoh fBt/P (International Investment)
3H nzsookPNoh ft~s (International Finance)
nzsookPNoh w[dqk e'P ns/ ftPt p?Ae B/ fi; ezw g~Xsh Bz{ nkofEe ;[XkoK d/ sstktXkB ftu ubkfJnk
j? fJ; d/ eJh Bshi/ ;kBz{ d/yD Bz{ fwb/ jB. j[D nkJ/ fdB BthA seBheh fJ; d/P ftu nk ojh j?, ;{uBk
dk fJe g{ok B?Ntoe d/P ftu c?b frnk j? ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK B/ ;zg{oB d/P Bz{ nkgD/ ftu ;w/N fbnk
j?. fJ~E'A se fJj io{o efjDk ukjhdk j? fe t?PtheoD B/ ;K;feqse y/so ftu th eJh Bt/A nk:kw gq;s[s
ehs/ jB. gozs{ ni/ n;hA t?PtheoD d/ nkofEe BshfinK Bz{ th d/yKr/. j[D pj[okPNoh ezgBhnK ;kv/
d/P ftu ;Ekgs j' rJhnK jB. fJ;d/ Bshi/ ti' XVkXV Bt/A T[sgkdB pkjo nk oj/ jB. d/P ftu
T[gG'rsktkd fBozso tX fojk j?. i' th pj[okPNoh ezgBhnK d/P ftu ezw eo ojhnK jB ;gPN o{g Bkb
T[BQK dk T[d/P w[Bkck ewkT[Dk j?. T[j fJj fJokdk BjhA oydh fe ftek;Phb d/PK Bz{ ftef;s ehsk

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