Page 228 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN ikt/. fJ; noE ftu d/P ftu i' th ftd/Ph fBt/P j' fojk j? T[;dk T[d/P ;EkBe pkiko Bz{ nkgD/ j~E
ftu b? b?Dk j?. ;oeko B/ d/Ph ns/ ftd/Ph fBt/P d/ bJh N?e; dk fJe jh N?foc (Tariff) bkr{ ehsk j?.
fJj ;wkBsk tobv p?Ae nzsookPNoh w[dqk e'P dh p/Bsh s/ fbnkJh rJh j?. ;oeko B/ T[dkoheoD d/
BK T[s/ fJ; Bz{ bkr{ eo fdsk j?. tk;st ftu fJ;dk bkG ftd/Ph fBt/Pe b?Ad/ jB ns/ fJj ;G XB pkjo
ubk iKdk j?. rZb fJj j? fe T[dkoheoD ns/ fBiheoD dh Bhsh d/ nzsors n;hA ;EkBe fBt/P Bz{
g'qs;kfjs BjhA ehsk j? ns/ Bshi/ ti'A fJ;dk bkG ftd/Ph fBt/PeK Bz{ fwbdk j?. ;kvh fBiheoD dh Bhsh
ftu fJe j'o d'P j?. n;hA g{zih d/ fBt/P Bz{ d/Ph ns/ ftd/Ph d'tK d/ bkG bJh ;wMd/ jB. ;kBz{ i'o fJj
d/Dk ukjhdk j? fe Bhsh fBt/P dk T[d/P ftek; j'Dk ukjhdk j?, w[Bkck BjhA. fJ; GKsh t?PtheoD dk pj[s
;Pes nkXko nkofEe j? ns/ fJ; bJh t?PtheoD T[sgkdB dk ftd/Ph fBt/P j? ns/ fJ; soQK t?PtheoD
wkfJe ;wk:'iB dk fJe ;kXB j?.
gozs{ t?PtheoD nzsookPNoh pkiko jh BjhA j?, nzsookPNoh tgko jh BjhA jB. nzsookPNoh fBt/P jh
BjhA j?, fJj fJe skesto ;K;feqse gqfeqnk th j?. fJ; gfjb{ d/ nkb'ue efjzd/ jB fe t?PtheoD ns/
e[M Bk j'e/ nw/foek ns/ :[o'g dk ;K;feqse ;wokitkd (Cultural Imperialism) j?. j[D n;hA fJ;d/
;K;feqse ns/ ;wkfie g~y Bz{ d/yKr/.

t?PtheoDL ;z;feqse ns/ ;wkfie gfjb{
t?PtheoDL ;z;feqse ns/ ;wkfie gfjb{
t?PtheoDL ;z;feqse ns/ ;wkfie gfjb{
t?PtheoDL ;z;feqse ns/ ;wkfie gfjb{
t?PtheoDL ;z;feqse ns/ ;wkfie gfjb{
fJzNoB?PBb ;'fPUb'ih
fJzNoB?PBb ;'fPUb'ih (International Sociology) nzsookPNoh ;wkiPk;soh ;w[dkJ/ dk fJe w[~y
fJzNoB?PBb ;'fPUb'ih
fJzNoB?PBb ;'fPUb'ih
fJzNoB?PBb ;'fPUb'ih
g~so j?. fJ; B/ nkgD/ yzv 15, i{B 2001 d/ nze ftu t?PtheoD dh fJe pj[s t~vh ftnkfynk ehsh
Ehw
Ehw
Ehw
r'oB E/op'oB
r'oB E/op'oB (Goran
r'oB E/op'oB
j?. fJj nze ftP/PKe j? ns/ fJ;dk EhwEhw t?PtheoD jh j?. fJ;d/ ;zgkdeh ftu r'oB E/op'oBr'oB E/op'oB
Therborn) B/ fJe ;Pes fNZgDh t?PtheoD T[s/ fbyh j?. T[j efjzd/ jB fe fJ~ehthA ;dh dh pj[s
Bisheh Xo'jo i' ;wki ftfrnkBK Bz{ j? T[j t?PtheoD dh j?. fJ;dk nkozG ;zB 1930 d/ w~X s'A j?. nro
n;hA ;zB 1980 ftu nzrq/Ih, cq?Au, ;g?fBP ns/ iowB Ppd e'PK Bz{ d/y' sK ;kBz{ fJBQK ftu t?PtheoD
Bkw dk e'Jh Ppd BjhA fwb/rk. fJj io{o j? fe nop GkPk ftu uko Ppd nfij/ jB fiBQK dk noE i/
eo fyZu^fyZu e/ brkfJnk ikt/ sK t?PtheoD s'A fBebdk j?. ikgkB d/ fe~s/ ftu fJ; Ppd dk gq:'r
;zB 1980 d/ bkr/ j'fJnk j?. uhB ftu sK fJ;dk gq:'r ;zB 1990 d/ dPe ftu j'fJnk j?. fJj ;G T[b/
y d;d/ jB fe t?PtheoD fJedw BthA gaqfeqnk j? fi;d/ ftek; dk nkozG ;zB 1990 s'A j?. nzsookPNoh
;wki Pk;so d/ ;zgkde fJe j'o ;{uBk fdzd/ jB. T[j efjzd/ jB fe ;thvB dh ;oeko B/ 1990 ftu fJe
;whsh pdkJh ;h fi;dk T[d/P d[Bhnk Go ftu nkX[fBesk dh i' ;z;EktK jB T[BQK dh gVskb eoBk ;h.
fJ; ;whsh ftu e[M ;so nkwzfsqs ehs/ rJ/ ;B T[BQK Bz{ fJ; ftP/PKe ftu ofynk frnk j?. fJj nze
pVh y{ph d/ Bkb d;dk j? fe ;wki Pk;soh t?PtheoD dk eh noE brkT[Ad/ jB ns/ fJ;dk fe; GKsh
gq:'r eod/ jB.
i/eo nkofEe gfjb{nK Bz{ S~v dJhJ/ sK t?PtheoD fJe nfijh gqfeqnk j? i' ;K;feqse c?bkt dh uouk
eodk j?. fJj fJe soQK dk ;Kfeqse g?okfvw iK J/izvk j?. t?PtheoD d/ nzsors fi~E/ d[BhnK Go dh
ftfGzBsktK Bz{ gSkfDnk iKdk j? T[E/ d[BhnK dh ;ikshnsk Bz{ th ;wfMnk iKdk j?. t?PtheoD d' s~EK T[s/
pokpo i'o fdzdk j?. fJj ;ko/ ;z;ko dh rZb eodk j? ns/ nekPhJ/ (Spatial) s~sK dh uouk eodk j?.
id ;zB 1980 ftu t?PtheoD nkfJnk sd fJ;d/ ;woEeK B/ gozgokrs ;wkiPk;so dh fJj efj e/
nb'uBk ehsh fe ;wki Pk;so e/tb okPNoh okiK (Nation-States) se jh ;hws j?. ;wki Pk;so fJj
BjhA d/ydk fe fJj d[BhnK tk;st ftu eJh ;wkiK dh fJe ftnt;Ek j?. t?PtheoD ;wki d/ ;ko/
y/soK dk nfXn?B eodk j? ns/ nfijk eoB ftu T[j fJj d/ydk j? fe d[Bhnk Go ftu ftfGzBsktK
(Variations) fezBh j? ns/ T[BQK dk i'VB tkbh fezBhnK fJekJhnK jB. id t?PtheoD ;K;feqse gfjb{nK
dk ftPb/PD eodk j?. sd p/Bsh eodk j? fe ;z;ko d/ e[M nfij/ s~s jB fiBQK ftu nkdkB^gqdkB j'Dk
ukjhdk j?. fJ; fdqPNh s'A t?PtheoD fJe ;K;feqs gqfeqnk j?. fJj ;wkfie gfotosD Bz{ d;dh j? ns/
;zg{oB ftPt Bz{ nkgD/ ftu pzBQ b?Dk ukj[zdh j?.
Gkos tor/ d/P ftu fi~E/ t?PtheoD ;kBz{ d/yD Bz{ fwbdh j?, okPNoh ns/ ;EkBe ;z;feqse T[s/ fJ;dk
pj[s t~vk gqGkt fgnk j?. fJ; gqGkt d/ ekoD nfijk brdk j? fe fes/ ftd/Ph ;z;feqsh dk gqGkt ;kvh

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