Page 246 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
13H2
13H2 ;wkfie gfotosD d/ seBheh i?t gq'fd:'freh, ;{uBk gq'fd:'freh;wkfie gfotosD d/ seBheh i?t gq'fd:'freh, ;{uBk gq'fd:'freh
13H2
13H2 ;wkfie gfotosD d/ seBheh i?t gq'fd:'freh, ;{uBk gq'fd:'freh;wkfie gfotosD d/ seBheh i?t gq'fd:'freh, ;{uBk gq'fd:'freh
BØN 13H2 ;wkfie gfotosD d/ seBheh i?t gq'fd:'freh, ;{uBk gq'fd:'freh
ns/ whvhnk ekoe
ns/ whvhnk ekoe
ns/ whvhnk ekoe
ns/ whvhnk ekoe
ns/ whvhnk ekoe (Technological Bio-tech, Info-tech and Media
Factors of Social Change)
gq'fd:'freh ;wki Bz{ nB/e gqeko Bkb gqGkts eodh j?, feT[Afe gq'fd:'freh ftu e'Jh th gfotosD fe;/
;z;EK ns/ ;w{j ftu gfotosD dk ekoD pDdk j?. T{oik d/ Bt/A ;q'sK dh y'i d/ cb;o{g :zso gq'fd:'freh
d/ nkrwB d/ fJzB/ wj~stg{oB Bshi/ j'J/ fe fJ; Bz{ pj[Xk eqKsh dk Bkw fdsk iKdk j?. nkftPeko ns/
y'i ;kv/ :[r d/ gqw[~y byPD jB. toswkB :[r Bz{ ‘ftfrnkB dk :[r’ – ‘T{oik dk :[r’ fejk frnk j?.
fJj mhe j? jh fejk iKdk j? fe “;kv/ :[r dk ;G s'A fInkdk BthB ns/ ;op ftnkgh byPD g{zihtkd
BjhA, ;r'A :zsoheoD j?. g{zihtkd sK :zsoheoD dh ;fj^T[gi wkso j?.” :zsoheoD B/ Bk e/tb ;wki
dh nkofEe ;zouBk Bz{ pdb fdsk j?, pbfe ;wkfie ;zrmB d/ gqkuhB ;o{gK ns/ gqkuhB ftukoXkoktK dk
nkropB
nkropB
th j'bh^j'bh ntw[~bB eo fdsk j?. nkropBnkropB (Ogburn) dk eEB j?, gq'fd:'freh ;wki Bz{ ;kv/ gfotoD
nkropB
ftu gfotosD d[nkok fi;d/ gqsh ;kBz{ nB[e{fbs j'Dk g?Adk j?, pdbdh j?. fJj gfotosD G"fse
gfonktoD ftu nkT[Adk j? ns/ n;hA fJBQK gfotosDK d/ Bkb i' nB[e{bB eod/ jK, T[; Bkb gqEktK ns/
;wkfie ;z;EktK ftu gfotosD j' iKdk j?.
T[sgkdB^g'qfd:'freh ftu gfotosD (Changes in the Production Technology)—:zsoheoD
T[sgkdB^g'qfd:'freh ftu gfotosD
T[sgkdB^g'qfd:'freh ftu gfotosD
T[sgkdB^g'qfd:'freh ftu gfotosD
T[sgkdB^g'qfd:'freh ftu gfotosD
dh so~eh d/ ;Bw[y ;kvh wB'ftqshnK, ;kv/ ftPtk; ns/ ohsh^fotkI u{o^u{o j' rJ/ jB. ekohroh dh
u/sBk, ;wkfie torK dh d?th ftnt;Ek, b?Afre y/so Bkb ;zpzXs ohsh^fotki, iBw dh gqfsPmk ;G
:zsoheoD d/ fPeko j'J/ jB. T[fd:'freh :[r ftu fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh dk T[dkjoD fbnk ik ;edk
j?. T[fd:'fresktkd B/ T[sgkdB dh xo/b{ gqDkbh dk BkP eo fJ;sqhnK Bz{ xo s'A eowPkbk s/ dcso ftu
gj[zuk e/ T[BQK dh nkwdB Bz{ ftG/fds eo fdsk j?. fJ; B/ fJ;sqhnK B{z BthB ;wkfie ihtB gqdkB ehsk
j?. pko{d d/ nftPeko Bkb :[~X dh gqftXh jh pdb rJh j?. nkX[fBe gq'fd:'freh d/ Bshi/ ti'A t;s{nK
d/ g~XoheoD B/ Bk e/tb t;s{nK d/ T[sgkdB Bz{ ;;sk pDk fdsk j?, pbfe t;s{nK d/ ftsoD Bz{ th T[Zu
Yzr Bkb ;zrms, e[Pb ns/ ftnkge pDk fdsk j?. T[fd:'rK B/ PqfweK Bz{ ;zrms eo fdsk j? ns/ T[sgkdB
ns/ ftsoD dh ifNb ftnt;Ek Bz{ iBw fdsk j?. T[fd:'r ftu n~Sh T[sgkdB^Pesh B/ iB;zfynk d/
fInkdkso fj~;/ Bz{ ;/tk^ezwK d/ bJh w[es eo fdsk j?. nfGnBsktK, b/ykekoK, e~u/ gdkoEK d/ eq/sktK ns/
fBofws t;s{nK d/ fte/qsktK, i' tk;sfte o{g ftu T[sgkdB dk ezw BjhA eod/, dh ;zfynk ftu pj[s
fInkdk tkXk j'fJnk j?. T[sgkdB ns/ ftT[gko dh ftXh ftu gfotosD d/ ekoD okiBhfse fBnwB dh
BthA ;w~f;nktK dk iBw j'fJnk. ekBz{B d/ ezwK dk ft;sko j'fJnk. ekBz{B^fBowksktK, ekBz{B Bz{
feqnkBfts eoB tkb/ B"eoPkj ns/ ekBz{B dh ftnkfynk eoB tkb/ tehbK dh;zfynk ftu ftPkb tkXk
j'fJnk j?. T[fd:'r, y/sh ns/ ;tk;E d/ y/so ftu ftfrnkB d/ gq:'r Bkb nB/e BthB ;/tkrs ezwK dk
iBw j'fJnk. T[fd:'freh Pqfwe dh ;wkfie gfo;fEsh ftu jqk; j'fJnk, idfe ;wkfie ekoieosktK
d/ ;wkfie wkB ftu tkXk j'fJnk. i/eo n;hA nkgD/ uko'A soc d/yhJ/ sK n;hA gq'fd:'reh nftPekoK d/
cb;o{g ;wki ftu j' oj/ ftPkb gfotosDK dk nkGk; j' ikJ/rk. ;kv/ :[r dk ;G s'A fInkdk ftfPPN
nBt/PD nD{^Pesh j? fi;B/ ;kv/ ihtB B{z ftnkge o{g s'A gqGkts ehsk j?. :[~X d/ nfGeosk d/ o{g ftu
fJ;B/ fjo'fPwk ns/ Bkrk;keh ftu GhPD Bo^;zjko ehsk. PKsh d/ nfGeosk d/ o{g ftu T[j ;fwqXh dk
nG{sg{ot :[r fbnk ;edk j?. ;tukfbs tkjBK ;wkfie ;zpzXK d/ y/so B{z ftnkge pDk fdsk j? ns/ gV";
d/ ;kw[dkfJe ;o{g Bz{ x~N eo fdsk j?. ihtB g~Xo ftu ftqXh, tor ;zouBk ns/ tor^wkBeK ftu
gfotosD, wfXnw tor dk T[sEkB, ;EkBe b'eohshnK dh wj~stjhBsk, gV"; dk ftxNB, gqkuhB
gfotkoe ftnt;Ek dk BkP, g/Av{ YzrK T[s/ Pfjoh ihtB eqw dh tXdh j'Jh gqpbsk, fJ;sqhnK dh dPk
ftu so~eh, BthB ftukoXkoktK ns/ nzd'bBK, ;kfwntkd ns/ ;wkitkd dk iBw, T[fd:'fre ;w{jK dh
ftP/Psk Pqfwe ;zxK dh u[D"sh ns/ P'Gkuko dk gq;ko T[sgkdB^gq'fd:'freh ftu gfotosD d/ Bshi/ jB.
wB[~yK dh ftukoXkoktK fInkdk nB[Gttkdh j?. T[j r[D dh s[bBk ftu gfowkD d/ gqsh ns/ w[bKeD dh
ng/ePk wkgB d/ gqsh fInkdk fBPmktkB jB. T[BQK dh wB'ftqshnK :Kfsqe j?. fuzsB gqXkB ihtB dk nGkt
j?.

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