Page 79 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^4L gfotko
fJekJh^4L gfotko
fJekJh^4L gfotko
fJekJh^4L gfotko
fJekJh^4L gfotko
torheoD dk ;kvk nkXko Bk sK xo d/ w?ApoK dh ;zfynk jh j'Dk ukjhdk j? (fit/A p'w?B B/ ehsk) ns/ Bk BØN
jh ftneshrs w?ApoK dhnK feqnktK dk nfGw[yheoD (orientation) (fit/A fe nkJhH ghH d/;kJh B/ ehsk
;h) pbfe fBtk;, fBoGosk ns/ Bks/dkoh ;zpzXK dh ft;skfosk (range) Bz{ fJ~em/ wzB e/ jh gfotkoK
dk torheoD eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; nkXko s/ n;hA gfotkoK Bz{ d' ;w{jK ft~u torhfeqs eo ;ed/ jKL
“gozgokswe” ns/ “ftyzfvs”. gfjb/ ;w{j Bz{ fszB T[g^ftGkrK ft~u th torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?L
ft;fsqs gfoy/so dk Bks/dkoh gfotko (large range kinship family), w~Xw gfoy/so dk Bks/dkoh
gfotko (intermediate range kinship family), ns/ bx{ gfoy/so dk Bks/dkoh gfotko (small range
kinship family). d{i/ ;w{j Bz{ nkPfos (dependent) gfotko ns/ nD^nkPfos (independent)
gfotko ft~u ftGkfis ehsk ik ;edk j?.

o/ykfu~so 7
o/ykfu~so 7
o/ykfu~so 7
o/ykfu~so 7
o/ykfu~so 7
gfotko d/ gqeko

gozgokrs ftyzvs

ft;fsqs gfoy/so dk wfXnw gfoy/so dk bx[ gfoy/so dk nBkfPqs gfotko nBkfPqs gfotko
Bks/dkoh gfotko Bks/dkoh gfotko Bks/dkoh gfotko

ftyzfvs nD^nkPfos gfotko (fissioned independent family) Uj j?, fi; ft~u gsh, gsBh ns/ UBK
d/ nfttkfjs p~u/ j[zd/ jB, fi; ft~u gfotko dk w[yhnk Bk sK fe;/ foPs/dko d/ nfXeko T[Zs/ nkPfos
j? ns/ Bk jh UBK T[Zs/ nkofEe o{g Bkb nkPfos j[zdk j?. ns/ ftyzfvs nkPfos gfotko (fissioned
dependent family) Uj j[zdk j? fi~E/ w?Apo (gsh, gsBh, ns/ nfttkfjs g[~so ns/ g[~sohnK) t~y xo
ft~u ofjzd/ jB, gqzs{ iK sK ekoiK dk fdqPNh s'A iK ;zgsh dh fdqPNh s'A nkgD/ Bks/dkoK (fgsk, GkJh, dkdk
nkfd) T[Zs/ fBoGo ofjzd/ jB. Uj fJekJh fJ~e ihfts e[bfgsk (patriach) dh ;~sk d/ nXhB j[zdh j?.
gozgokrs gfotkoK ft~u ft;fsqs gfoy/so d/ Bks/dkoh gfotko ft~u uko gqeko d/ ;t?iB$Bks/dko j[zd/ jBL
gqkoEfwe, d{i/ ;so d/, shi/ ;so d/ ns/ d{o d/. fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe ft;fsqs gfoy/so dk Bks/
dkoh gfotko Uj j? fi; ft~u x~N s'A x~N d' ;wr'soh BIdhe dhnK ghVhnK d/ jo GkJh d/ iDB gfotko
(family of orientation) d/ j'D (fit/A fu~so 8 (i) ft~u “n” ns/ “p” d{ih ghVh ft~u ns/ “e” ns/
“B” shih ghVh ft~u ns/ wksk gfjbh ghVh ft~u do;kJ/ rJ/ jB.). nfij/ gfotko dk T[djoD Uj
gfotko j? fi; ft~u d' fttkfjs GkJh j'Dr/. (fu~so 8 (i) ft~u “n” ns/ “p”), UBK d/ wksk fgsk,
gsBh ns/ fttkfjs g[~so (“e” ns/ “B”) ns/ nfttkfjs g[~so (“y” ns/ “g”) ns/ nfttkfjs
g[~sohnK (“r” ns/ “w”) ns/ nfttkfjs g'so/(“N” ns/ “o”) ns/ g'sohnK (“s” ns/ “b”). fu~so
8 (i) ft~u uko gqeko d/ ;t?iB$Bks/dko fJ; soK Pkfwb j'Dr/L

gqkoEfwe^ gsh$gsBh$fgsk$wksk$GkJh$G?D$g[~so$g[~soh
d{i/ ;so d/^ fgsk dk fgsk$fgsk d/ GkJh$GkJh d/ bVe/$g[~so d/ bVe/$GkJh dh gsBh$g[~so dh g[~soh$fgsk
dh G?D

shi/ ;so d/^ fgsk d/ fgsk d/ fgsk$fgsk d/ fgsk d/ GkJh$fgsk d/ GkJh d/ g[~so$GkJh d/ g[~so d/ g[~so$g[~so
d/ g[~so d/ g[~so
d{o d/^ fgsk d/ fgsk d/ GkJh dk g[~so$fgsk d/ fgsk d/ GkJh d/ g[~so dk g[~so

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