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;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
BØN ;t^w[~bKeD
;jh ftebg u[D'
;jh ftebg u[D'
;jh ftebg u[D' (Choose the correct option) ^
;jh ftebg u[D'
^
^
2H 2H ;jh ftebg u[D' ^
2H 2H 2H
^
(i) fe;/ d/ nB[;ko gqkuhB Gkos ft~u gfotko, fBtk;, ;zgsh ns/ ekoiK d/ nkXko s/ ;z:[es ;h^
(a) Jhoktsh eot// (b) nkJhH ghH d/;kJh
(c) NhH n?BH wdkB (d) fJBK ft~u'A e'Jh BjhA.
(ii) ;z:[es gfotko dh ftP/Psk j?^
(a) ;fj^fBtk; (b) ;fj^o;'Jh/
(c) ;fj^g{ik (d) T[go'es ;ko/
(iii) d/;kJh B/ ;z:[es gfotko d/ nkXko wzB/ jB^
(a) ghVh dh rfjokJh (b) nfXeko ns/ fIzw/dkoh
(c) ;zgsh (d) T[go'es ;ko/
(iv) w~Xw gfoy/so d/ Bks/dkoh gfotko ft~u fezB gqeko d/ ;t?iB$Bks/dko j[zd/ jB^
(a) gqEw (b) d{i/
(c) shi/ (d) T[go'es ;ko/
(v) gfotko ft~u gsBh dh gfo;fEsh fe; Bkb fBPfus j[zdh j?^
(a) p~funK dh gfo;fEsh Bkb (b) gsh dh gfo;fEsh Bkb
(c) ;~;^;j[o/ dh gfo;fEsh Bkb (d) T[go'es ;ko/
;z:[es gfotko d/ gsB d/ ekoD ns/ T[; d/ Bshi/
4H6 ;z:[es gfotko d/ gsB d/ ekoD ns/ T[; d/ Bshi/
4H6 ;z:[es gfotko d/ gsB d/ ekoD ns/ T[; d/ Bshi/ (Decline of Joint
4H6
4H6
;z:[es gfotko d/ gsB d/ ekoD ns/ T[; d/ Bshi/
4H6 ;z:[es gfotko d/ gsB d/ ekoD ns/ T[; d/ Bshi/
family: Causes and consequences)
gozgokrs (;z:[es) gfotko ftt;Ek d/ ftyzvB bJh fejV/ fejV/ ekoe T[ZsodkJh jB< gfotko ft~u
gfotosB fe;/ gqGktK d/ fJ~e ;w[~u (set of influences) s'A BjhA nkfJnk j?, ns/ Bk jh fJj ;zGt j? fe
fJBK ekoeK ft~u'A fe;/ fJ~e Bz{ gfjb fd~sh ik ;e/. fJ; gfotofss j[zd/ j'J/ gfotko bJh eJh ekoe
T[ZsodkJh jB. T[d:'rheoD ns/ T[; d/ ;kotG"fwe wkgdzv (universalistic criteria) i' fBozso
ft;fsqs y/so Bz{ gqGkfts eo oj/ jB, ftneshtkd d/ nkdoP, ;wkBsk ns/ nkIkdh ns/ t?ebfge ihtB
g~Xsh dh ;zGktBk fij/ ekoDK d/ w/b Bkb jh “;zeowDekbhB” (transitional) gfotko T[d/ jkfJnk j?.
fwbNB f;zro B/ gfotko ft~u gfotosB d/ bJh uko ekoeK Bz{ T[ZsodkJh wzfBnk j?^ nktk;h rshPhbsk,
eko'pkoh rshPhbsk, ftfrnfBe ns/ seBheh f;~fynk ns/ dqtheoD (monetization). fJ; b/ye B/ th
nfij/ gzi ekoeK dh gfjukD ehsh j? fiBK B/ gfotko Bz{ pj[s nfXe gqGkfts ehsk j?. fJj jB^ f;~fynk,
BroheoD, T[d:'rheoD, ftnkj ;z;Ek ft~u gfotosB (T[wo d/ ;zdoG ft~u) ns/ t?XkfBe T[gkn.
f;~fynk
f;~fynk
1H 1H 1H 1H 1H f;~fynk (Education)
f;~fynk
f;~fynk
f;~fynk B/ gfotko Bz{ eJh gqeko Bkb gqGkfts ehsk j?. f;~fynk Bkb Bk e/tb ftneshnK dhnK
nfGftq~shnK, ftPtk;, w[~b ns/ nkdoP ftukoXkoktK pdbhnK jB, pbfe fJ; B/ ftneshtkd dh
GktBk Bz{ th g?dk ehsk j?. Gkos ft~u f;~fynk Bk e/tb wodK ft~u tX ojh j?, pbfe n"osK ft~u
th. g[oP ;kyosk do ft~u tkXk 1901 s'A 1931 s~e 9H8 s'A 15H6 s~e j'fJnk, 1961 ft~u 34H4,
1981 ft~u 46H9 ns/ 1991 ft~u 55H07 s~e j'fJnk, id'A fe n"osK dh ;kyosk do ft~u tkXk 1901
ft~u 0H6 s'A 1931 ft~u 2H9, 1961 ft~u 13H0, 1981 ft~u 24H8 ns/ 1991 ft~u 30H09 s~e
j'fJnk. wkBsk gqkgs f;~fynk ;z;EktK ft~u tkXk 1951 ft~u 2H31 b~y (2H09 b~y gqkJhwoh
ftfdnkb/, 13,600 fwvb ns/ 8,300 ;?ezvoh ns/ jkfJo ;?ezvoh ftfdnkb/) s'A 1985 ft~u 7H55
b~y j' frnk. (5H28 b~y gqkJhwoh, 13H4 b~y fwvb ns/ 93,000 ;?ezvoh ns/ jkfJo ;?ezvoh
ftfdnkb/). fJ;/ ntXh ft~u ftfdnkoEhnK d/ gqt/P dh ;zfynk 240 b~y s'A tX e/ 1320 b~y j'
rJh. f;~fynk dh do ft~u fJ; gqeko dk tkXk n"osK^g[oPK d/ Bk e/tb ihtB^doPB ft~u
76 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
