Page 199 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 8 % mRiknu iQyu rFkk mRiknu osQ fu;e

iSekus osQ c<+rs izfriQy osQ ykxw gksus dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd mRiknu dk iSekuk c<+us osQ iQyLo:i Je uksV
foHkktu rFkk fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ dkj.k dbZ izdkj dh cprsa (Economies) miyCèk gksrh gSaA bu cprksa osQ
dkj.k izfriQy esa lkèkuksa osQ vuqikr esa gksus okyh o`f¼ ls vfèkd o`f¼ gksrh gSA ;s cprsa osQoy vkarfjd
cprsa gSa D;ksafd ;s lacafèkr iQeZ osQ mRiknu osQ vkdkj ls lacafèkr gSA

(ii) iSekus osQ fLFkj izfriQy (Constant Returns to Scale)

iSekus osQ fLFkj ;k leku izfriQy] mRiknu dh ml fLFkfr dks izdV djrs gSa ftlesa ;fn lHkh lkèkuksa
dks ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa c<+k;k tk,xk rks mRiknu esa mlh vuqikr esa o`f¼ gksxhA (Constant
Returns to Scale occurs when a given percentage increase in all factor inputs (in
some constant ratio) causes equal percentage increase in output.) bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj]
eku yhft, Je rFkk iw¡th dh ek=kk esa 10 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gksrh gS rks blosQ iQyLo:i mRiknu esa Hkh 10
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gksxhA
fp=k 8-7 esa OQ oØ iSekus osQ leku izfriQy dks izdV dj jgh gSA fp=k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd lHkh lkèkuksa
esa 10 izfr'kr o`f¼ djus ij mRiknu esa Hkh 10 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA blh izdkj lkèkuksa esa 20»
dh o`f¼ gksus ij mRiknu esa 20» dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA blls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd lkèkuksa esa ftrus izfr'kr
dh o`f¼ gksrh gS mRiknu esa Hkh mrus gh izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA blhfy, OQ js[kk ewy fcanq O ls 45°
dk dks.k cukdj iSekus osQ leku izfriQy dks izdV dj jgh gSA

fp=k 8-7

Y
Constant returns Q
25
to scale
% Increase in output 20

15

10
5
O x
5 10 15 20 25
% Increase in all factor inputs
(Factor ratio remaining constant)

bl fu;e osQ ykxw gksus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd mRiknu osQ ,d fuf'pr Lrj ij iSekus dh cprsa rFkk gkfu;k¡
,d nwljs osQ cjkcj gks tkrh gSaA xf.kr dh 'kCnkoyh esa ml mRiknu iQyu dks tks iSekus osQ leku izfriQy
dks izdV djrk gS le:i mRiknu iQyu (Homogeneous Production Function) dgk tkrk gSA bl
iQyu osQ vuqlkj ;fn Je rFkk iw¡th dks cjkcj osQ vuqikr ls c<+k;k tk,xk rks mRiknu Hkh mlh vuqikr esa
c<+sxkA
(iii) iSekus osQ ?kVrs izfriQy (Diminishing Returns to Scale)

iSekus osQ ?kVrs izfriQy] mRiknu dh ml fLFkfr dks izdV djrs gSa ftlesa ;fn lHkh lkèkuksa dks ,d
fuf'pr vuqikr esa c<+k;k tk,xk rks mRiknu esa mlls de vuqikr esa o`f¼ gksxhA (Diminishing
Returns to Scale occurs when given percentage increase in all factor inputs (in some
constant Ratio) causes proportionately lesser increase in output.)

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