Page 206 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV ysÝVfop osQ vuqlkj] ^^fdlh oLrq dh volj ykxr mu ifjR;Dr (Foregone) oSdfYid inkFkks± dk
ewY; gksrh gS ftUgsa bl oLrq osQ mRiknu esa yxk, x, lkèkuksa }kjk mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSA**
(Opportunity cost of a particular product is the value of the foregone alternative
products that resources used in its production, could have produced.) —Leftwitch
iQxwZlu osQ vuqlkj] ^^X oLrq dh ,d bdkbZ mRiUu djus dh volj ykxr Y oLrq dh og ek=kk gS
ftldk R;kx djuk iM+sxk rkfd lkèkuksa dk iz;ksx Y oLrq osQ LFkku ij X oLrq dh mRiknu djus osQ
fy, fd;k tk losQA** (The alternative or opportunity cost of producing one unit of
commodity X is the amount of commodity Y that must be sacrificed in order to use
resources to produce X rather than Y.) —Ferguson

mnkgj.k (Illustration): volj ykxr dh èkkj.kk dks fp=k 9-1 }kjk Hkh Li"V fd;k tk ldrk
gSA bl fp=k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ;fn lkèkuksa dh ,d fuf'pr ek=kk dks X-oLrq rFkk Y-oLrq nksuksa dk mRiknu
djus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks fuEufyf[kr <ax ls mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gSA (i) Y-oLrq dh 12
bdkb;k¡ rFkk X-oLrq dh dksbZ Hkh bdkbZ ughaA (ii) X-oLrq dh 6 bdkb;k¡ rFkk Y-oLrq dh dksbZ Hkh bdkbZ ughaA

fp=k 9-1
Y

12 P
10
8
Commodity-X 6

4

2
P'
0 X
2 4 6 8 10 12
Commodity-X

(iii) PP' js[kk }kjk izdV fd, tkus okys X-oLrq rFkk Y-oLrq osQ fofHkUu la;ksxA bl js[kk ls Kkr gksrk gS
fd X-oLrq dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, Y-oLrq dk mRiknu djus osQ volj dk R;kx djuk iM+rk gSA bls gh
Y osQ :i esa X-oLrq dh volj ykxr dgk tkrk gSA bl fp=k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd X-oLrq dh ,d bdkbZ
12
dh volj ykxr Y = 2Y gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd mRiknu osQ lkèkuksa dh ftl ek=kk ls X oLrq dh
6
,d bdkbZ dk mRiknu gks ldrk gS mlh ek=kk ls Y-oLrq dh 2 bdkb;ksa dk mRiknu gks ldrk gSA blfy,
Y-oLrq osQ :i esa X-oLrq dh volj ykxr 2 gSA blh izdkj X-oLrq osQ :i esa Y-oLrq dh ,d bdkbZ dh
6
volj ykxr ¾ 0-5 Y gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd mRiknu osQ lkèkuksa dh ftl ek=kk osQ iz;ksx ls Y oLrq
12
dh ,d bdkbZ dk mRiknu gksrk gS mlh ls Y-oLrq dh 0-5
vkidks ;g vo'; Kkr gksuk pkfg,A
bdkbZ dk mRiknu gks ldrk gSA blfy, X osQ :i esa Y-
volj ykxr osQ varxZr mRiknu dh Li"V rFkk
oLrq dh volj ykxr 0-5 gSA la{ksi esa] fdlh lkèku osQ
fufgr nksuksa izdkj dh ykxrksa dks 'kkfey fd;k
,d fo'ks"k dke esa iz;ksx fd, tkus dh volj ykxr ml
tkrk gSA fdlh oLrq dh volj ykxr ml oLrq
lkèku dk og ewY; gS tks mls vius nwljs loZJs"B fodYi
dh mRiknu djus dh volj izkfIr osQ fy,
esa izkIr gks ldrk gSA gesa ;g è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd
fdlh vU; oLrq osQ mRiknu osQ volj osQ
volj ykxr dh èkkj.kk dk vkèkkj ekSfnzd Hkqxrku
R;kx dk ewY; gSA
ugha gS cfYd R;kxh tkus okyh oLrq dk fodYi gSA
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