Page 208 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 6- lkekftd ykxr (Social Cost)
lkekftd ykxr og ykxr gS tks fdlh vkfFkZd
lkekftd ykxr O;fDrxr ykxr ls vyx gSμ
fØ;k osQ fy, lkjs lekt dks pqdkuh iM+rh gSA
lkekftd ykxr dk Hkkj lkjs lekt dks mBkuk iM+rk gS
izR;sd lekt osQ vkfFkZd laxBu ls lacafèkr dbZ
tSls ok;q iznw"k.k] tyiznw"k.k] 'kksj iznw"k.k dk Hkkj lkjs
izdkj dh lkekftd ykxrsa gSa tSls iznw"k.k rFkk 'kksj
lekt ij iM+rk gSA O;fDrxr ykxr dk Hkkj osQoy
vkfn ftUgsa ,d iQeZ }kjk vius mRiknu dh dher
mlh O;fDrxr iQeZ dks mBkuk iM+rk gS tks ml oLrq dk
fuèkkZfjr djrs le; è;ku esa ugha j[kk tkrkA
mRiknu djrh gSA
lkekftd ykxr fdlh ,d iQeZ ;k O;fDr dh
volj ykxr u gksdj lkjs lekt dh volj ykxr gSA
vkèkqfud vFkZ'kkL=k osQ 'kCndks'k osQ vuqlkj] ^^fdlh mRiknu dh lkekftd ykxr dh ifjHkk"kk eqnzk
dh ml ek=kk osQ :i esa dh tk ldrh gS tks ml oLrq osQ mRiknu osQ dkj.k ftu yksxksa dks gkfu mBkuh
iM+rh gS mudh {kfriwfrZ djosQ mUgsa mi;ksfxrk osQ iwoZ Lrj ij dk;e j[kus osQ fy, i;kZIr gksrh gSA**
(Social cost of a given output is defined as the sum of money which is just adequate
when paid as compensation to restore to their original utility levels all who lose as a
result of the production of the output.
—Dictionaryof Modern Economics
lkekftd ykxr og ykxr gS tks lkjs lekt dks fdlh oLrq dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, pqdkuh iM+rh
gSA (Social cost is the cost incurred by the whole society for producing a commodity.)
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] diM+s osQ mRiknu osQ nkSjku diM+k feyksa dh fpefu;ksa ls tks èkqvk¡ iSQyrk gS mlosQ
iQyLo:i yksxksa dks vius diM+ksa dh èkqykbZ ij vfèkd [kpZ djuk iM+sxkA ok;q osQ nwf"kr gksus osQ dkj.k
LokLF; [kjkc gksus osQ iQyLo:i yksxksa dks fpfdRlk ij èku [kpZ djuk iM+sxkA ;s lc [kpZ futh iQeZ dks
ugha djus iM+rsA budk cks> lekt dks gh mBkuk iM+rk gS] blfy, bl izdkj osQ [kpks± dks lkekftd ykxr
dgk tkrk gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] fdlh oLrq ;k lsok dh lkekftd ykxr esa ml oLrq ;k lsok osQ mRikndksa }kjk
[kpZ dh xbZ ykxr (futh ykxr) rFkk mu yksxksa }kjk yxkbZ tkus okyh tks ½.kkRed ckárk (Negative
Externalities) dk vuqHko djrs gSa ;k ckgjh ykxr Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSA

7- futh ykxr (Private Cost)
futh ykxr og ykxr gS tks ,d iQeZ dks fdlh oLrq dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, [kpZ djuh iM+rh gSA blesa
Li"V ykxr rFkk fufgr ykxr nksuksa gh 'kkfey gksrh gSaA
feYyj osQ vuqlkj] ^^futh ykxr og ykxr gS tks fdlh iQeZ ;k O;fDrxr mRiknd dks vius Lo;a
osQ fu.kZ;ksa osQ dkj.k [kpZ djuh iM+rh gSA** (Private costs are the costs incurred by the
firms of the individual producers as a result of their own decision.)—Miller. mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] diM+k cukus okyh iQeZ dks dPpk eky] e”knwjh] fdjk;k] fctyh vkfn ij tks èku O;; djuk iM+rk
gS mls futh ykxr dgrs gSaA
lkekftd ykxr rFkk futh ykxr esa varj ik, tkus dk ,d eq[; dkj.k cká ykxrsa (External Costs)
gSaA cká ykxrsa os ykxrsa gSa tks mu yksxksa dks mBkuh iM+rh gaS ftUgsa fdlh oLrq osQ mRiknu osQ iQyLo:i
½.kkRed ckárkvksa (Externalities) dk vuqHko gksrk gSA la{ksi esa futh ykxr ¾ lkekftd
ykxrμckgjh ykxr (Private Cost = Social cost – External Cost)
8- Li"V ykxrsa (Explicit Costs)

,d iQeZ dks dbZ vkxr (Inputs) [kjhnus ;k fdjk, ij ysus iM+rs gSaA iQeZ }kjk mu ckgjh O;fDr;ksa dks
tks mls Je] dPps eky] b±èku] ;krk;kr] pkyd 'kfDr vkfn dh iwfrZ djrs gSa] ekSfnzd Hkqxrku djus iM+rs
gSaA iQeZ }kjk nwljksa dks fd, x, bu ekSfnzd Hkqxrkuksa dks Li"V ykxrsa dgk tkrk gSA

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