Page 16 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

9- lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k esa jkstxkj rFkk csjks”kxkjh ls laacafèkr leL;kvksa dk Hkh vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
uksV
10- lao`f¼ rFkk fodkl lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ vFkok lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k lacaèkh uhfr;ksa osQ eq[; dkjd ugha gSaA

1-4 lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k y{; rFkk midj.k (Macroeconomic Targets and Instruments)

mijksDr p£pr lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dh leL;kvksa dks eksVs rkSj ij (i) lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ y{;ksa (Targets) rFkk
(ii) lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dh uhfr;ksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSA lao`f¼ rFkk fodkl (Growth and Development),
jkstxkj rFkk vk£Fkd fLFkjrk (Employment and Economic Stability) vkfn leL;k,¡ lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ
y{; gksrs gSaA
vius ns'kokfl;ksa osQ thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykus gsrq izR;sd jk"Vª dk y{; lao`f¼ rFkk fodkl dh mPp
dj dks izkIr djuk gksrk gSA ,d jk"Vª lao`f¼&izfØ;k dks fodkl&izfØ;k esa cnyus dk iz;Ru djrk gS ftlls
fd lao`f¼ esa ykHkksa dk U;k;ksfpr :i esa caVokjk fd;k tk losQA bldk ;g Hkh iz;Ru gksrk gS fd fodkl&izfØ;k
dks ,d èkkj.kh; izfØ;k (Sustainable Process) cuk;k tk, rkfd Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa dh fodkl {kerk fdlh izdkj
de u gksA ,d ns'k dk y{; Hkkxhnkjh dh nj (Rate of Participation) dks vfèkdre djuk Hkh gksrk gS rkfd
csjks”kxkjh dh nj dks U;wure fd;k tk losQA blosQ vfrfjDr izR;sd jk"Vª dk y{; fodkl izfØ;k dks lqn`<+
cukuk Hkh gksrk gS vFkkZr~ vFkZO;oLFkk esa LiQhfrdkjd rFkk foLiQhfrdkjd nckoksa dks U;wure cuk, j[kukA

y{;ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, uhfr lacaèkh midj.kksa (Policy Instruments) dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ;g egÙoiw.kZ
uhfr midj.k jktdks"kh; rFkk ekSfnzd uhfr;ksa osQ :i esa gksrs gSaA bu uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k ljdkj djrh gS] Hkys
gh jktuhfrd iz.kkyh fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gksA bl lacaèk esa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k lacaèkh uhfr;k¡
,d&nwljs osQ LFkkukiUu ugha vfirq iwjd gksrh gSaA jktdks"kh; rFkk ekSfnzd nksuksa midj.kksa dks ,d&lkFk iz;ksx esa
yk;k tkrk gSA lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, ljdkj jktdks"kh; rFkk ekSfnzd midj.kksa
osQ leqfpr egÙoksa dks fuf'pr djrh gSA

+ fyIlh rFkk fØLVy osQ vuqlkj] ¶uhfr midj.kksa osQ mfpr ewY;ksa dk pquko djuk lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k
lacaèkh uhfr dh leL;k gS rkfd ifj.kkeksa osQ Js"Bre laHko la;ksxksa dks izkIr fd;k tk losQA ;g
fujarj ifjorZu'khy leL;k gS D;ksafd fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa osQ vk?kkrksa osQ dkj.k y{;
fujarj izHkkfor gksrs jgrs gSaA¸ (The macroeconomics policy problem is to choose appropriate
values of the policy instruments in order to achieve the best possible combination of the out-
comes of the targets. This is a continually changing problem because the targets are perpetually
being affected by shocks from various parts of the world economy.”–Lipsey and Chrystal)

VkLd lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k dh eq[; leL;kvksa ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A

lhek,¡ (Limitations)
fdlh Hkh vU; fo"k; dh Hkk¡fr lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dh Hkh lhek,¡ gksrh gSaA bl lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr fVIi.kh è;ku
nsus ;ksX; gSaµ

1- jpuk dk roZQ nks"k (The Fallacy of Composition)µlef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ vusd fu"d"kZ O;fDrxr
bdkb;ksa osQ ljy lfEeJ.k ij vkèkkfjr gSaA ¯drq tks rF; O;fDr osQ fy, roZQiw.kZ ,oa Bhd gksrs gSa] ;g t:jh
ugha fd oks laiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, Hkh roZQiw.kZ ,oa Bhd gksA fu%lansg] cpu djuk ,d O;fDr osQ fy,

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