Page 15 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ1% lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dk ifjp;

buosQ dkj.k leLr mRiknu dh ykxr c<+ tkrh gS rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa mudh izfr;ksfxrkRedrk uksV
(Competitiveness) de gks tkrh gSA iQyLo:i bu ns'kksa osQ fu;kZrksa dks èkDdk igq¡prk gS rFkk budh vk;kr
{kerk ?kVrh gS_ tcfd okLrfodrk ;g gS fd bu ns'kksa dh vk£Fkd fodkl dh xfr dks rhoz cukus osQ fy,
iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nwljh vksj Å¡ph C;kt dh nj bu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa osQ fy,
cgqr cM+h pqukSrh gksrh gS] D;ksafd blls eqnzk LiQhfr dks vkSj vfèkd c<+kok feyrk gSA ;s vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ vfèkdrj
Ñf"k izèkku gksrh gSa rFkk bu ij ekSle dk cgqr vfèkd izHkko iM+rk gS] o"kkZ u gksus osQ dkj.k bu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa
esa [kk|kUu dh ek¡x rFkk iw£r osQ chp cgqr vfèkd vlarqyu mRiUu gks tkrk gSA ;g vlarqyu eqnzk LiQhfr dks
tUe nsrk gSA eqnzk LiQhfr èkhjs&èkhjs laiw.kZ vk£Fkd fØ;k dks viuh yisV esa ys ysrh gSA tc lkekU; dher Lrj
c<+rk gS] rc C;kt dh njksa dk c<+uk rFkk muosQ ?kkrd ifj.kke fudyuk] vfuok;Z cu tkrk gSA

mijksDr [kaM esa bl ckr dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS fd ljdkj dk ?kkVs dk ctV rFkk blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i ljdkj }kjk
Í.k dk lgkjk ysuk lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dh ,d osaQnzh; leL;k cu x;h gSA Í.k osQ dkj.k izk;% vFkZO;oLFkk esa
eqnzk dh iw£r c<+ tkrh gS tks mu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa osQ fy, eqnzk LiQhfr dk rqjar dkj.k curh gS ftudh mRiknu
{kerk cgqr de gksrh gSA
eqnzk dh iw£r rFkk C;kt dh njksa dks fu;a=k.k esa j[kuk vYifodflr ns'kksa osQ fy, lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k lacaèkh cgqr
cM+h pqukSrh gS D;ksafd ;s ns'k vfr'kh?kz LiQhfr dkjd nckoksa osQ f'kdkj cu tkrs gSaA ¯drq bldk ;g vFkZ ugha
gS fd ekSfnzd uhfr dks fodflr ns'kksa esa dksbZ izklafxdrk ugha gSA ;fn vYifodflr vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ de mRiknu
{kerk rFkk mPp lexz ek¡x osQ dkj.k LiQhfr dkjd nckoksa osQ izfr laonsu'khy gSa] rks fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk,¡
Hkh oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dh oqQy iw£r dh rqyuk esa oqQy ek¡x dh vkorhZ deh (Recurring deficiency of
aggregate demand) osQ dkj.k foLiQhfr dkjd nckoksa osQ izfr mruh gh laosnu'khy gSaA
foLiQhfr dh fLFkfr esa fuos'k izsj.kk cgqr de gks tkrh gS] Hkys gh C;kt dh njsa de gksrh gSaA ,slh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa
esa ekSfnzd uhfr dk mís'; eqnzk dh iw£r esa o`f¼ djuk gksrk gS rkfd oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dh ek¡x ij fd, tkus
okys [kpZ dks c<+k;k tk losQ vkSj bl izdkj ek¡x esa deh dks nwj fd;k tk losQA

fofue; nj (varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa ,d ns'k dh djsUlh dk nwljs ns'k dh djsUlh esa ewY;) ekSfnzd uhfr dk ,d
vkSj izkapy (Parameter) gS ftlosQ }kjk vk£Fkd fØ;k dk leLr Lrj izHkkfor gksrk gSA vuqowQy fofue; nj]
nwljs ns'k dh rqyuk esa vius ns'k dh djsUlh osQ ewY; esa o`f¼] ,d 'kqHk laosQr ugha gSA mu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa osQ
fy, tks fu;kZr izksRlkgu (Export Promotion) }kjk vius fodkl dh izfØ;k dks rhoz cukuk pkgrh gSa] ;g
fuf'pr :i ls Bhd ugha gSA vesfjdh djsUlh dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; djsUlh (Hkkjrh; #i;k) osQ ewY; esa o`f¼
dk vFkZ ;g gksrk gS fd vesfjdh ,d MkWyj ls Hkkjrh; cktkj esa igys ls de oLrq,¡ rFkk lsok,¡ [kjhnh tk
losaQxhA vU; 'kCnksa esa] vc Hkkjrh; oLrqvksa dh varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa ek¡x vfuok;Z :i ls de gks tk,xhA

D;k vki tkurs gSa lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa eqæk osQ dk;ks± rFkk mlls lacafèkr fl¼karksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa lR; vFkok vlR; dh igpku djsa

(State whether the following statements are True or False) :
7- lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k esa fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ chp gksus okys O;kikj dk Hkh vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
8- eqæk dh ek¡x rFkk iw£r esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dk jkstxkj osQ Lrj ij dkiQh izHkko iM+rk gSA

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